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Impact of ecological and socioeconomic determinants on the spread of tallow tree in southern forest lands. Based on USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis FIA database, relationships between the presence of tallow tree and related driving variables including forest landscape metrics, stand and site conditions, as well as natural and anthropogenic disturbances were analyzed for the southern states infested by tallow trees.

Of the 9, re-measured FIA plots in Characterization of beef tallow biodiesel and their mixtures with soybean biodiesel and mineral diesel fuel. However beef tallow biodiesel have unfavorable properties due the presence of high concentration of saturated fatty esters. One way to overcome these inconveniences is using blending procedures. In this way, blends of beef tallow biodiesel with soybean biodiesel and with conventional mineral diesel fuel were prepared and the quality of the mixtures was monitored with the purpose to study ideal proportions of the fuels.

By measurement of the viscosity, density, cold filter plugging point, and flash point, it was demonstrated that tallow biodiesel can be blended with both mineral diesel and soybean biodiesel to improve the characteristics of the blend fuels, over that of the tallow.

Full Text Available Cadangan minyak bumi semakin menipis, sehingga dicari bahan bakar alternatif, salah satunya adalah biodiesel. Minyak nabati terutama minyak sawit merupakan bahan baku edible sedangkan lemak sapi merupakan bahan baku non-edible dengan biaya rendah dan memiliki ketersediaan tinggi pada produksi sapi.

Pemanfaatan lemak sapi yang belum maksimal dapat digunakan bersama minyak sawit untuk menghasilkan biodiesel. Lemak sapi dicairkan supaya menjadi minyak sapi. Bahan baku minyak sapi dan minyak sawit dicampur dengan perban-dingan 3: Campuran minyak ditransesterifikasi dengan metanol dengan perbandingan molar 1: Hasil proses transesterifikasi adalah metil ester dan gliserol. Metil ester pada lapisan atas dipisahkan dari gliserol kemudian dilakukan pencucian.

Metil ester atau biodiesel selanjutnya diuji angka asam, viskositas, densitas, dan analisis menggunakan GC-MS. Kesemua parameter tersebut sesuai dengan standart mutu SNI biodiesel. Kandungan metil ester dari minyak sawit dan lemak sapi adalah metiloleat dan metil palmitat. One of those alternative fuels is biodiesel. Vegetable oil, especially palm oil is the edible raw material, while the beef tallow is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production.

The beef tallow mixed with palm oil can be used as raw material for producing biodiesel. Firstly, the beef tallow was melted into beef oil. The raw materials of beef tallow and palm oil were mixed with the composition ratio of 3: The resulted mixed-oil was transesterificated by adding methanol with molar ratio of 1: Operation management in the tension field between technical, commercial, and public legal demands; Betriebsfuehrung im Spannungsfeld technischer , kommerzieller und oeffentlich-rechtlicher Anforderungen.

Operation management is not restricted to the execution of operational measures. In order to be able to work together efficiently the different organisational units of a plant are dependent on the support of an intelligent operation management system. The most important thing to consider when planning the introduction of an operation management system are the likely processing costs.

The one-time cost of procuring the necessary software is practically negligible. Die Organisationseinheiten des Betriebes muessen zur rationellen Bearbeitung durch ein intelligentes Betriebsfuehrungssystem unterstuetzt werden. Dieses Betriebsfuehrungssystem hat die Arbeitsweisen der Anwender vor die Integration des Systems in uebergeordnete Gesamtsysteme zu stellen. Nur so kann die Akzeptanz der Anwender erzielt sowie das geforderte Ergebnis erreicht und langfristig gesichert werden.

Bei der Einfuehrung eines Betriebsfuehrungssystems sind insbesondere die langfristig zu erwartenden Bearbeitungskosten zu bewerten. Die einmaligen Anschaffungskosten der Software sind in Relation zu den Gesamtkosten praktisch ohne Bedeutung. Predicted range expansion of Chinese tallow tree Triadica sebifera in forestlands of the southern United States.

We present an integrated approach for predicting future range expansion of an invasive species Chinese tallow tree that incorporates statistical forecasting and analytical techniques within a spatially explicit, agent-based, simulation framework. The rationale for application of high spectral resolution EO-1 Hyperion data was based on the successful use of Hyperion data in the mapping of Chinese tallow tree in southwestern Louisiana in In contrast to the single Hyperion image used in the project, more than 20 EO-1 Hyperion and Advanced Land Imager ALI images of the study area were collected in and during the fall senescence when Chinese tallow tree leaves turn red.

Atmospherically corrected reflectance spectra of Hyperion imagery collected at ground and aerial observation locations provided the input datasets used in the program for spectral discrimination analysis. Discrimination analysis was used to identify spectral indicator sets to best explain variance contained in the input databases. The expectation was that at least one set of Hyperion-based indicator spectra would uniquely identify occurrences of red-leaf Chinese tallow tree; however, no combination of Hyperion-based reflectance datasets produced a unique identifier.

The inability to discover a unique spectral indicator resulted primarily from relatively sparse coverage by red-leaf Chinese tallow tree within the study area percentage of coverage was less than 5 percent per by meter Hyperion pixel. To enhance the performance of the spectral discrimination analysis, leaf and canopy spectra of Chinese tallow tree were added to the input datasets to guide the indicator selection.

In addition, input databases were segregated by land class obtained from an ALI-based landcover classification in order to reduce the input variance and to promote spectral discrimination of red. Anforderungen an Lehrende in der Erwachsenenbildung. Chinese tallow [Triadica sebifera L. Small] is an aggressive, fast-growing, highly adaptable invasive tree of the southeastern United States coastal region.

Since its introduction in the early s, Chinese tallow has become a serious threat to native grassland and forest communities from mid-coastal North Carolina to Northern Florida and West to Central Texas. Full Text Available The objectives of this research was to determined of tallow addition with different concentration as lipase Aspergillus niger inducer to total of A. The result showed that tallow addition as inducer in the lipase A. Tallow addition gave a highly significant effect on lipolytic activity and yield of lipase A.

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Lipolytic activity ranged between Tallow , lipase, inducer, Aspergillus niger. Biodiesel production by transesterification of duck tallow with methanol on alkali catalysts. Duck tallow was employed as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel by transesterification with methanol. The content of fatty acid methyl ester FAME was evaluated on various alkali catalysts during transesterification.

The composition and chemical properties of the FAME were investigated in the raw duck tallow and the biodiesel products. The major constituent in the biodiesel product was oleic acid. It was acceptable for the limit of European biodiesel qualities for BD Acid value, density, and kinematic viscosity of the biodiesel products also came up to the biodiesel qualities.

Growth pf Chinese tallow in a bottomland forest in Southern Mississippi. Chinese tallow tree [Triadica sebifera L. Small, formerly Sapium sebiferum L. As a nonnative invasive tree species, it has aggressively invaded forestlands in southeastern United States, particularly the low- and bottom-land forests along the coastal region of the Gulf of Mexico. Chinese Tallow Triadica sebifera L. Chinese tallow Triadica sebifera is a nonnative invasive species with high fecundity rates that has naturalized from the coastal prairies of east Texas along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts as far north as North Carolina.

Population differences were computed for two forest inventory periods mids and late s in Louisiana, east Texas, and Mississippi using data Effects of an invasive plant, Chinese tallow Triadica sebifera , on development and survival of anuran larvae. Amphibians are considered one of the most threatened vertebrate groups. Although numerous studies have addressed the many causes of amphibian population decline, little is known about effects of invasive plants.

Chinese tallow Triadica sebifera is an exotic deciduous tree that has invaded the southeastern United States. Amphibian larvae in environments invaded by T Managing an established tree invader: Geoff Wang; Thomas A. Biological invasions by woody species in forested ecosystems can have significant impacts on forest management and conservation. We designed and tested several management options based on the physiology of Chinese tallow Triadica sebifera [L.

Specifically, we tested four treatments, including mastication, foliar herbicide, and fire MH Extraction and characterization of seed oil from naturally-grown Chinese tallow trees. Seeds were collected from locally and naturally grown Chinese tallow trees CTT and characterized for general physical and chemical properties and fatty acid composition of the lipids.

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Ammoniakemissie-arme huisvestingssystemen voor vleeskuikens en het effect van vloerverwarming op emissie en technische resultaten. Het Praktijkonderzoek Pluimveehouderij heeft onderzoek gedaan naar het gebruik van emissiearme stalsystemen voor vleeskuikens en het effect van het gebruik van vloerverwarming op de technische resultaten, strooiselkwaliteit en ammoniakemissie.

Haalbaarheidsstudie bio-afbreekbare plastic draagtasjes: Dit rapport beschrijft de resultaten van een haalbaarheidsstudie naar de technische en economische haalbaarheid en implicaties van een verbod op dunne plastic draagtasjes in Nederland, met een eventuele uitzondering voor bioplastic draagtassen. In deze korte studie staan bioplastic draagtassen. Biodiesel from Specified Risk Material Tallow: This document presents a systematic survey of current knowledge about the risk to human and animal health posed by the processing of tissues from animals potentially infected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy TSE, or 'prion disease' into biodiesel.

It is organised into an introductory background section on TSE, followed by chapters treating the sequential stages of biodiesel production. The principal conclusions are: The choice of geographic origin, based on published scientific evaluations of the risk of TSE to be present in a given country, can largely reduce or even eliminate the entry of contaminated tissue into the biodiesel feedstock.

Further safeguards can be provided by selection of animal species not susceptible to TSE, and of tissues without any detectable infectivity even in susceptible species. None of these measures, however, would be applied to the biodiesel projects under consideration, which have the specific aim of using animals and tissues including specified risk material, or SRM considered to have sufficient potential risk to be unacceptable for use in food, feed, fertilisers, or pharmaceuticals including biologicals and medical devices and therefore are designated for other approved uses, or destruction.

Tissue rendering to produce tallow. Experiments to test the survival of TSE infectivity in the products of rendering failed to detect any infectivity in the crude tallow fraction, even following processing methods that allowed survival of infectivity in the co-produced meat and bone meal fraction. It is therefore extremely unlikely that pure tallow originating from diseased animals would be infectious; however, lower grade tallow might contain infectious impurities.

A requirement that tallow derived from SRM for use in biodiesel contain no detectable protein would reduce this possibility. Transesterification of tallow to biodiesel. Several steps in the manufacturing process have at least the. Several steps in the manufacturing process have at least the potential to. Effect of beef tallow on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat composition, and lipid profile of growing lambs.

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diets with inclusion of beef tallow on growth, and carcass characteristics, meat quality, and lipid profile in growing lambs. The experiment was conducted with 15 lambs for 63 days. The body weight and feed conversion ratio FCR were significantly P0.

Group T1 showed the highest increase of cholesterol concentration Anforderungen an ein Verfahren der Sprach-standsfeststellung im Elementarbereich. The underlying assumption states that language acquisition processes follow their own inherent developmental pathway. Language promotion programmes should therefore be responsive to the children's development and be based on the respective proficiency level and the learning progress that may be expected. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and kinetics of ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production from waste tallow.

The use of ultrasonic processing was evaluated for its ability to achieve adequate mixing while providing sufficient activation energy for the enzymatic transesterification of waste tallow. The effects of ultrasonic parameters amplitude, cycle and pulse and major reaction factors molar ratio and enzyme concentration on the reaction kinetics of biodiesel generation from waste tallow bio-catalyzed by immobilized lipase [Candida antarctica lipase B CALB ] were investigated.

Three sets of experiments namely A, B, and C were conducted. In experiment set A, two factors ultrasonic amplitude and cycle were investigated at three levels; in experiment set B, two factors molar ratio and enzyme concentration were examined at three levels; and in experiment set C, two factors ultrasonic amplitude and reaction time were investigated at five levels.

A Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetic model approach was employed to study the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the enzymatic transesterification. Optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from waste tallow were fat: The kinetic model results revealed interesting features of ultrasound assisted enzyme-catalyzed transesterification as compared to conventional system: Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography indicated the biodiesel yield to be Vrouwen weg van techniek: Om de tekorten op te vangen wordt hard gewerkt aan het motiveren van jongeren om een.

De bijdrage van Direct Manipulations Enviroments aan de ontwikkeling van technische geletterdheid in de basisschool. Om goed te kunnen participeren in de huidige maatschappij moeten mensen in zekere mate ' technische geletterd' zijn. Het doel van dit project, VT-NRK toepassing bioplastics, is het genereren en verspreiden van kennis met betrekking tot het verbeteren van de technische eigenschappen van PLA folies.

Positionspapier des Umweltbundesamtes zu moeglichen Auswirkungen, Potenzialen und Anforderungen. Climate change constitutes a huge challenge for humankind. Greenhouse gas emissions are still continuing to increase on a global scale. In order to limit the risks of global climate change, global average temperature must not rise more than 2 C above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century. The German Federal Environment Agency Umweltbundesamt, in short ''UBA'' banks on a sustainable climate protection policy through emission prevention and is therefore demanding that, as a priority, the change initiated in German energy policy - away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources and a marked increase in energy efficiency - should be consistently implemented and intensified, i.

The Federal Environment Agency takes the view that for the use of such methods it is essential to also take into account their impact on other spheres of the environment and health issues. The Agency has developed a detailed opinion on these issues in a comprehensive position paper, which is available from October in German on the internet website of the German Federal Environment Agency www. This summary outlines the major conclusions.

Both national and international aspects need to be considered in the discussion.

von Identifikations- und Motivationspotentialen älterer Arbeitnehmer im Kontext for Generierung von Identifikations- und Motivationspotentialen älterer. Generierung von Identifikations- und Motivationspotentialen älterer Arbeitnehmer im Kontext eines professionellen Human Resource Managment.

Where national aspects are concerned, the Federal Environment Agency focuses on the situation in Germany, e. Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows.

Positionspapier des Umweltbundesamtes zu moeglichen Auswirkungen, Potenzialen und Anforderungen. Praesentiert werden erste Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zur Vorbereitung einer Machbarkeitsstudie ueber die technisch -wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit von Schwungmassenspeicher-Systemen. Neben Anamnese, klinischer Untersuchung und Labordiagnostik stellt die radiologische Untersuchung einen wesentlichen Baustein vor der Therapieeinleitung dar. Das Zeitintervall zwischen dem Auftreten der ersten Symptome bis zur Einleitung einer gezielten Therapie ist fuer die Prognose der Patienten der entscheidende Faktor. Hierfuer wurde ein Zertifizierungsverfahren entwickelt, das ab sofort von der gesamten Branche genutzt werden kann.

Thirty multiparous Holstein cows Experimental diets were a control containing Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly Pfat. Supplemental fat, whether tallow or full fat soybeans increased milk production 1. There was no significant effect of supplemental fat on the milk protein and lactose content and yield. Feed efficiency of fat-supplemented diets was significantly Pfat sources on production response of cows, fat originating from heat-treated soybean help to minimize imported RUP rumen undegradable protein sources level as fish meal in comparison with tallow and raw soybean oil.

In the Current study, there was no statistical significance among nutritional values of oil from extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans. Rumen metabolism, microbial biomass synthesis and microbial long chain fatty acid composition were studied in lactating cows fed at two levels of dry matter intake L, 8.

Fibre digestibility was not significantly affected by tallow addition. Increasing tallow level in the diet decreased the total VFA concentration, the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid and the ammonia concentration in the rumen. Crude fat and fatty acid content Microbial synthesis in the rumen and flow of amino acids to the duodenum was highest for medium fat intake at the high feed level A quantitative assessment of the risk of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy by tallow -based calf milk-replacer.

Our results suggest that tallow -based CMR could have been responsible for some BSE infections in nearly all simulations Effects of dietary beef tallow and soy oil on glucose and cholesterol homeostasis in normal and diabetic pigs.

Toe valuate whether dietary fats of different degrees of unsaturation alter glucose and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol VLDL-CH homeostasis, normal and alloxan-diabetic pigs were fed diets containing either beef tallow or soy oil as the primary source of fat for 6 weeks. After intra-arterial and oral doses of glucose, pigs fed soy oil had similar glucose and greater insulin concentrations in plasma when compared with pigs fed beef tallow.

Diabetes resulted in a twofold increase in half-lives and a fold increase in pool sizes of the primary and secondary components of VLDL-CH disappearance when compared with those of normal pigs. In comparison, diabetic pigs fed beef tallow had a similar half-life of the primary component, a twofold shorter half-life of the secondary component, and threefold larger pool size of the primary component, and a similar pool size of the secondary component of VLDL-CH disappearance than did diabetic pigs fed soy oil. Thus, dietary fat seems to play an important role in regulation of glucose and VLDL-CH homeostasis in normal and diabetic animals.

Het effect van grondontsmetting en organische bemesting op het bouwplan in de Veenkolonien: In dit deelonderzoek van het project "Veranderingen in de Veenkoloniale Akkerbouw" wordt aandacht besteed aan de technische en economische gevolgen van vermindering van grondontsmetting in de aardappelteelt en de haalbaarheid van dierlijke mest en groenbemesters. Berekeningen zijn uitgevoerd met en. Recent advances in neonatology - new tasks for the radiologist; Entwicklungen in der Neonatologie.

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Anforderungen an den Radiologen. Modern neonatology comprises care for a growing number of infants with congenital abnormalities and an increasing number of premature born infants. The survival rates of premature infants have increased dramatically during the past decade. This increase in survival rates can be attributed to improved prenatal and obstetric management and to advances in neonatal intensive care medicine.

Neonatology has become a pediatric subspeciality of its own resulting in the demand for an equally specialised radiological support. Therefore, the availability of a children's radiologist for radiological and sonographic examinations is mandatory 24 hours a day for optimal patient care on a neonatal intensive care unit.

A good cooperation between radiologist and neonatologist in neonatal intensive care medicine is therefore warranted. Diese Entwicklungen stellen auch an den Radiologen neue Anforderungen ; neben der zunehmenden Zahl an Fruehgeborenen und ihren speziellen Krankheitsbildern ist auch die Abklaerung von speziellen, beim Intensivpatienten auftretenden Problemen erforderlich. Durch die meist gegebene Dringlichkeit der radiologischen Abklaerung ist die Verfuegbarkeit eines Kinderradiologen rund um die Uhr unabdingbar.

Zudem muessen fahrbare Roentgen- und Ultraschallgeraete zur Verfuegung stehen, um eine Diagnostik direkt am Krankenbett zu ermoeglichen. An einer Neugeborenenintensivstation ist daher eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit dem Kinderradiologen unbedingt notwendig. Air-cooled recirculation cooling systems.

Technical and economic comparison; Luftgekuehlte Rueckkuehlsysteme. There are several air-cooled forced-circulation cooling systems for heat removal from refrigeration systems. Optimum solutions should not be selected on the basis of the cost factor alone; an integrative approach should be used instead. An exemplary investigation is presented. Die Auswahl des Systems ist oft von kurzfristigem Kostendenken gepraegt, was in technischer und wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht aber nicht immer der optimalen Loesung entspricht.

Erst die genauere Kenntnis der verschiedenen Systeme und eine ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweise ermoeglichen die optimale Wahl fuer den einzelnen Fall. Die hier praesentierte Untersuchung wird anhand eines konkreten Falls dargestellt, wobei Preise und technische Produktdaten auf realen Anfragen beruhen. Der Autor ist um objetive Bewertung bemueht, der Leser moege aber selbst urteilen. Corporate environmental information systems CEIS. Anforderungen und struktureller Aufbau. Zum anderen existiert kaum eine konsensfaehige, theoretisch fundierte Definition fuer Anforderungen und strukturellen Aufbau eines BUIS.

Dieses Problem hat dazu gefuehrt, dass in Unternehmen oft ueberstuerzt ineffiziente Inselloesungen implementiert werden. Vor dem Hintergrund eines praezisierten Anforderungsprofils an ein BUIS werden Betrachtungen zur Unternehmensumwelt, zum Zielsystem von Unternehmen und zur organisatorischen Einbindung von Umweltschutzaufgaben angestellt. Durch Operationalisierung in typische Funktionsbereiche koennen ein grobes Unternehmensmodell entwickelt, Informationsfluesse analysiert und umweltrelevante Informationen sowie ihre Wege selektiert werden.

Dabei werden vorhandene EDV-Loesungen bewusst nicht beruecksichtigt, um die Allgemeingueltigkeit der Systemarchitektur sicherzustellen, Handlungsspielraeume zu schaffen und Kreativitaetspotentiale zu entdecken. Quality of energy consultancy services - Requirements, criteria for evaluation, and a case report; Energieberatungsqualitaet - Anforderungen , Messung und ein Fallbeispiel. The article initially pictures an optimized model of energy consultancy and continues with explaining an instrument available for quality assessment of services in general, SERVQUAL , presenting approaches for modifying this tool so as to make it applicable to evaluating the quality of energy consultancy activities.

Finally, the capabilities of the modified tool are discussed referring to a case study in an electric utility, the Neckarwerke Stuttgart. Im Beitrag wird zuerst aufgezeigt, welche Anforderungen eine optimale Energieberatung erfuellen muss. Danach wird ein Instrument vorgestellt, das die Qualitaet von Dienstleistungen im allgemeinen misst und im Rahmen der o. Arbeit so weiterentwickelt wurde, dass es von nun an auch als Instrument zur Messung der Qualitaet von Energieberatung im Besonderen dienen kann: Zuletzt werden die Ergebnisse praesentiert, die in der o. Full Text Available Thirty multiparous Holstein cows Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly P tallow or full fat soybeans increased milk production 1.

Comparing the environmental impacts of ethyl biodiesel production from soybean oil and beef tallow through lca for brazilian conditions. Full Text Available The present paper sought compare the environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of biodiesel production obtained from the two raw materials most used in Brazil soybean oil and beef tallow through the process ethyl transesterification in an alkaline medium.

The reference flow adopted for the work was the generation of power supplied 1GJ from the produced biodiesel. The data used in the inventory life cycle were calculated based on similar scientific papers.

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The method of assessment of environmental impacts chosen was the CML modified. Altogether, it were analyzed nine categories of environmental impacts for both processes abiotic depletion kg Sb eq, land use m2a, global warming kg CO2 eq, ozone layer depletion kg CFC eq, human toxicity kg 1,4-DB eq, freshwater ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq, terrestrial ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq, acidification kg SO2 eq and eutrophication kg PO eq.

The results of evaluation of environmental impacts show that the biodiesel production process from soybean oil presents major environmental damage in seven categories of analyzed impacts destruction of abiotic resources, destruction of the ozone layer, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication.

The production process of biodiesel from tallow presents major environmental damage in two categories of impacts analyzed land use and global warming. However, the results show that the absolute values of environmental damage caused by impacts of the production process using beef tallow are much more aggressive. Enzymatically interesterified fats based on mutton tallow and walnut oil suitable for cosmetic emulsions. Formation of emulsion systems based on interesterified fats was the objective of the study. Enzymatic interesterification was carried out between enzymatic mutton tallow and walnut oil in the proportions 2: At the beginning of the interesterification process, the balance between the interesterification and fat hydrolysis was intentionally disturbed by adding more water to the catalyst Lipozyme IR MR of the reaction to produce more of the polar fraction monoacylglycerols [MAGs] and diacylglycerols [DAGs].

The obtained fats were used to form emulsions. The emulsions were evaluated with respect to sensory and skin moisturizing properties by 83 respondents. Determination of emulsion stability using temperature and centrifugal tests was carried out. Morphology and the type of emulsions were determined.

The respondents described the skin to which the emulsions in testing were applied as smooth, pleasant to touch and adequately moisturized. The work has demonstrated that interesterification of a mutton tallow and walnut oil blend resulted in new fats with very interesting characteristics of triacylglycerols that are not present in the environment.

The results of the present work indicate the possibility of application of fats with the largest quantity of MAGs and DAGs as a fat base of emulsions in the cosmetic industries. The hypothesis assumed in this work of producing additional quantities of MAGs and DAGs in the process of enzymatic interesterification responsible for the stability of the system was confirmed.

It should be pointed out that the emulsions based on interesterified fats exhibited a greater level of moisturization of the skin than the emulsions containing non-interesterified fat. Also, in the respondents' opinion, the emulsion containing fat, which. Gene expression of insulin signal-transduction pathway intermediates is lower in rats fed a beef tallow diet than in rats fed a safflower oil diet.

To elucidate the effects of dietary fatty acid composition on the insulin signaling pathway, we measured the gene expression of the earliest steps in the insulin action pathway in skeletal muscle of rats fed a safflower oil diet or a beef tallow diet. Rats were meal-fed an isoenergetic diet based on either safflower oil or beef tallow for 8 weeks. Insulin resistance, assessed from the diurnal rhythm of plasma glucose and insulin and the oral glucose tolerance test OGTT , developed in rats fed a beef tallow diet.

Body fat content was greater in rats fed a beef tallow diet versus a safflower oil diet. The level of insulin receptor mRNA, relative expression of the insulin receptor mRNA isoforms, and receptor protein were not affected by the composition of dietary fatty acids. The abundance of insulin receptor substrate-1 IRS-1 and phosphatidylinositol PI 3-kinase mRNA and protein was significantly lower in rats fed a beef tallow diet versus a safflower oil diet.

We conclude that long-term feeding of a high-fat diet with saturated fatty acids induces decrease in IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase mRNA and protein levels, causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Full Text Available The present study measured the in situ digestibility and ruminal degradability of dry matter of rations with different levels of calcium soaps of tallow CST. The nylon bag technique was used to determine the in situ digestibility and ruminal dry matter degradability. A completely randomized design was used, with 4 treatment diets and 4 repetitions. Rapidly-soluble fraction a or in situ digestibility of DM at 0 h of incubation was higher in T1 than T3 P0.

In conclusion, CST in the ration influenced ruminal fermentation during the first hours of incubation. However, effective degradability at medium and high ruminal turnover was not affected by CST level in diets. A challenge for system vendors. The changing demands in the international power plant business; Eine Herausforderung fuer Systemlieferanten. Der Wandel der Anforderungen im internationalen Kraftwerksgeschaeft.

Creating Security Policies And Implementing Identity - download pdf or read online

The power plant continuously requires the ability for innovation from the manufactures of power plants. The reduction of the current generation costs and the increase of the efficiency has been a permanent requirement since almost years. Die Senkung der Stromerzeugungskosten und die Erhoehung des Wirkungsgrades sind seit nunmehr fast Jahren gleichbleibende Anforderungen.

The example of refrigeration technology for air conditioning plants. Practice-oriented advanced training at Technische Akademie Esslingen training centre. The training lasts several days and comprises a total of 12 courses on the subjects: In the present article the structure of the training is illustrated for the example of refrigeration in air conditioning plants. The article also discusses questions concerning the assessment of the training and its benefit to the participants.

Insgesamt werden in diesem gesamten Themenkomplex 12 Lehrgaenge angeboten: Am Beispiel des Themenbereiches Kaeltetechnik in Klimaanlagen wird die Lehrgangsausrichtung dargestellt. Ferner werden Fragen der Lehrgangsbewertung und der Nutzen fuer die Teilnehmer diskutiert. The treatments were g of tallow , or g of saturated fat rich in stearic acid C The total daily fatty acid intake was about g in rations with the highest fat inclusion. When compared to fatty acid Intensification of biodiesel production from waste goat tallow using infrared radiation: Process evaluation through response surface methodology and artificial neural network.

Under optimal conditions, The experimental results were also modeled using artificial neural network ANN and marginal improvement in modeling efficiency was observed in comparison with RSM. The infrared radiation strategy could significantly accelerate the conversion process as demonstrated through a substantial reduction in reaction time compared to conventionally heated reactor while providing appreciably high biodiesel yield. Moreover, the in situ water removal using silica-gel adsorbent could also facilitate achieving higher FFA conversion to fatty acid methyl ester FAME.

Owing to the occurrence of simultaneous transesterification of triglycerides present in goat tallow , overall Level of selected nutrients in meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow from semi-domesticated reindeer Rangifer t.

Full Text Available Objectives: To acquire new knowledge on the nutritional composition of semi-domesticated reindeer Rangifer t. The results could be useful in updating the Norwegian Food Composition Database, whose current data on reindeer is limited. Cross-sectional study on population of semi-domesticated reindeer from 2 northern Norwegian counties Finnmark and Nordland. Selected vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and total lipids were studied.

The meat was also found to be a good source of vitamin B12, docosapentaenoic acid C Statistically significant differences p tallow and bone marrow had higher nutritional values when compared to meat. Download e-book for iPad: The a number of Ligament Injured Knee: This new version expands upon the 1st to offer anterior and posterior cruciate and collateral ligament anatomy and biomechanics, besides non-invasive equipment for diagnosing the level of damage, corresponding to radiographic and arthroscopic evaluate. Disease Management, 2nd Edition - download pdf or read online.

This can be a scientific pharmacy textbook that applies pharmacology into perform utilizing a holistic method of the administration, therapy and tracking of varied ailments. Pharmacy undergraduate instructing has been altering and evolving through the years to mirror the evolving position of the pharmacist. The undergraduate syllabus is relocating extra in the direction of medical pharmacy because the function of the pharmacist alterations to extra of a consultancy position concerning sufferer care.

Health and safety legislation: Recognition of the applicability of existing and pending health and safety law, the liability of all employers and the responsibilities of individuals. Health and safety at work: Recognition of the health and safety law as applied to places of work, the liability of employers and the responsibilities of individuals. Get Management development in the construction industry: PDF February 2, admin.

E "Management improvement within the development undefined".