Moses

Moses Biography

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Fearing the Pharaoh's punishment, he fled into the desert of Midian, becoming a shepherd for Jethro, a Midianite priest whose daughter Zipporah he later married. While tending the flocks on Horeb Mountain in the wilderness, he saw a bush burning yet not turning to ash. He heard a voice from within the bush telling him that he had been chosen to serve as one to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt. He was also told to declare the unity of God to his people.

At that time most Israelites were worshipping many gods. Moses was to tell them that there was only one God. The tremendous responsibility of Moses's task, his shyness, and his own feeling of unworthiness brought forth a hesitancy and lack of confidence. The Divine answer was "Who made your tongue?

The promised destination for the Israelites' journey was a "land rich with milk and honey. Reproduced by permission of the Corbis Corporation. Moses returned to Egypt and persuaded the Hebrews to organize for a quick trip from their Egyptian slave drivers. The Pharaoh refused to obey, bringing upon himself and his people nine terrible plagues diseases that spread rapidly and can cause death that Moses produced upon Egypt by using the miraculous staff he had received from God as a sign of his authority.

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The Egyptians suffered under the plagues of water turned into blood, frogs, gnats, flies, disease to their cattle, boils, hail, locusts, and darkness. Each plague was severe to the Egyptians but left the Israelites untouched. The tenth plague is now the Hebrew story of Passover. God sent the Angel of Death to kill the firstborn sons of the Egyptians—a proof of His immense strength and power.

The Israelites protected their households by putting lamb's blood on their doorway, so that the Angel of Death would know to pass over their homes. This last plague broke the Pharaoh's resistance and moved him to grant the Hebrews permission to leave immediately.

Moses thus found himself the leader of an undisciplined collection of slaves, Hebrew as well as non-Hebrew, escaping from Egyptian territory toward freedom. Moses' immediate goal was Mt. Sinai, where God had first revealed Himself to Moses. The Hebrews came to the sacred mountain encouraged by the power they sensed in Moses. Summoned by God, Moses ascended the mountain and received the tablets of stone while the children of Israel heard the thundering forth of the Ten Commandments.

Inspired, the people agreed to the conditions of the Covenant agreement made between people and God. Through forty years in the wilderness of Sinai, overcoming many obstacles, Moses led the horde of former slaves, shaping them into a nation. Many miracles happened along the way. When the Israelites stopped in front of the Red Sea with the Egyptian soldiers at their heels, it was Moses' raised staff that parted the Red Sea so that they could cross.

Once they had safely crossed, the sea crashed down, drowning many of their pursuers. When food supplies ran out, God sent down what was called "manna" spiritual food everyday for the nourishment of the Israelites. Moses had to hear the Israelites complain about the food, the climate, and the slowness of their progress.

Moses even had to hear the Israelites claim that Egypt had been better than this wilderness trip. When the people were in need of water, God told Moses to speak to a rock and water would spring from it. Moses' character was apparently worn down because, instead of following directions, he struck the rock with his staff. That was to have lasting impact on Moses's final days. With the help of his brother Aaron, Moses was able to hold together his ragtag band of exslaves for forty years. Only a man with tremendous will, patience, compassion, humility, and great faith could have forged the bickering and scheming groups who constantly challenged his wisdom and authority into a nation.

Throughout the forty years Moses was in constant communication with his Lord, the God of Israel. This God added to the Ten Commandments through Moses by giving a code of law regulating the social and religious lives of the people. This collection of instructions, read to and confirmed by the people, was called the Book of the Covenant. These were protected in a specially designed box called the Ark of the Covenant. All of the specific details were spoken through Moses by the God of the Israelites.

Under Moses's leadership, most of the land east of the Jordan was conquered and given to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and to half of the tribe of Menashe. Moses, however, was not permitted to lead the children of Israel into Canaan, the Promised Land, because he had been disobedient to God during the period of wandering in the desert. His regular meetings with God had fulfilled him in ways that even his fellow Israelites could detect.

However, the son refused to sell the cow without his mother's agreement, claiming that he would not sell it even if they offered to fill its skin with gold. At this the mother agreed to sell it for its skin filled with gold. The relatives and Moses consented, and the cow was slaughtered and the corpse was touched by the tongue. According to a hadith , once when Moses delivered an impressive sermon, an Israelite inquired if there was anyone more knowledgeable than him. God instructed Moses to take a live fish and at the location where it would escape, Khidr would be found.

While Moses was asleep, the fish escaped from the basket. When Moses woke up, they continued until they stopped for eating. At that moment, Joshua remembered that the fish had slipped from the basket at the rock. He informed Moses about the fish, and Moses remembered God's statement, so they retraced their steps back to the rock. There they saw Khidr. Moses approached Khidr and greeted him. Khidr instead asked Moses how people were greeted in their land. Moses introduced himself, and Khidr identified him as the prophet of the Israelites. According to the Quran, Moses asked Khidr "shall I closely follow you on condition that you teach me of what you have been taught".

They walked on the seashore and passed by a ship. The crew of the ship recognized Khidr and offered them to come aboard their ship without any price. When they were on the boat, Khidr took an adze and pulled up a plank. Moses reminded Khidr that the crew had taken them aboard freely. Khidr admonished Moses for forgetting his promise of not asking. Moses stated that he had forgotten and asked to be forgiven.

When they left the seashore, they passed by a boy playing with others. Khidr took a hold of the boy's head and killed him. Both of them traveled on until they came along some people of a village. They asked the villagers for food, but the inhabitants refused to entertain them as guests. They saw therein a wall which was about to collapse, and Khidr repaired the wall.

Moses asked Khidr why he had repaired the wall when the inhabitants had refused to entertain them as guests and had not given them food. Moses stated that Khidr could have taken wages for his work.

Khidr informed Moses that they were now to part as Moses had broken his promise. Khidr then explained each of his actions. He informed Moses that he had broken the ship with the adze because a ruler who reigned in those parts took all functional ships by force, Khidr had created a defect in order to prevent their ship from being taken by force. Khidr then explained that he had fixed the wall because it belonged to two hapless children whose father was pious. God wished to reward them for their piety. Khidr stated that there was a treasure hidden underneath the wall and by repairing the wall now, the wall would break in the future and when dealing with the broken wall, the orphans would find the treasure.

The sayings of Muhammad hadith , Islamic literature and Quranic exegesis also narrate some incidents of the life of Moses. Moses used to bathe apart from the other Israelites who all bathed together. This led the Bani Israel to say that Moses did so due to a scrotal hernia. One day when Moses was bathing in seclusion, he put his clothes on a stone which then fled with his clothes. Moses rushed after the stone and the Bani Israel saw him and said, 'By Allah, Moses has got no defect in his body. There are still six or seven marks present on the stone from that excessive beating.

In the sayings of Muhammad, another incident is mentioned regarding Moses. Moses is mentioned to have requested God for a confrontation with the prophet Adam, who brought them out of Paradise Jannah. Adam replied in the affirmative. Adam again replied in the affirmative and Moses questioned him as to what led him out of Paradise. Adam asked Moses about his identity. Moses replied he was, and Adam asked Moses if he did not find his accident written in the Book of God. Moses replied that it was, and Adam then questioned Moses as to why he reproached him for something that was decreed by God forty years before his creation.

Aaron died shortly before Moses. It is reported in a sunni hadith that when the angel of death , came to Moses, Moses slapped him in the eye. The angel returned to God and told him that Moses did not want to die. When Moses asked God what would happen after the granted time, God informed him that he would die after the period. Moses, therefore, requested God for death at his current age near the Promised Land "at a distance of a stone's throw from it. Moreover, by indicating that Moses wants to be separated from Aaron, his brother, many of the Israelites proclaim that Moses killed Aaron on the mountain to secure this so-called separation.

However, according to the accounts of al-Tabari, Aaron died of natural causes: This notion would strongly indicate that Moses could have indeed killed Aaron to secure the separation in which he prayed to Allah for. Do you think that I would kill him? The unexpected death of Aaron appears to make the argument that his death is merely an allusion to the mysterious and miraculous death of Moses. When Joshua saw it, he thought that the Hour—the hour of final judgement—was at hand.

He clung to Moses…. Although the death of Moses seems to be a topic of mysterious questioning, it is not the main focus of this information. To further elaborate on the death of Moses, the actions of Moses preluding to his death, in the Islamic tradition, hint at the notion that Moses may have been an early recipient of the entitlement of being a martyr. To further this argument, in the footnotes of the Qur'an translated by M. We deal out such days among people in turn, for God to find out who truly believes, for Him to choose martyrs from among you….

It is also stated in the Qur'an, that the scriptures in which Moses brought forth from Allah to the Children of Israel were seen as the light and guidance of Allah, himself Qur'an 6: This strongly indicates that Moses died as a martyr: Moses died being a witness to Allah; Moses died giving his sacrifice to the worldly views of Allah; and Moses died in the act of conveying the message of Allah to the Children of Israel. Although his death remains a mystery and even though he did not act in a religious battle, he did in fact die for the causation of a Religious War.

A war that showcased the messages of Allah through scripture. In light of this observation, John Renard claims that Muslim tradition distinguishes three types of super-natural events: The concept of martyrdom in Islam is linked with the entire religion of Islam. This whole process can be somehow understood if the term 'Islam' is appreciated. Just like Moses is an example of the surrender to Allah, the term martyr further re-enforces the notion that through the signs, the miracle, and the marvel the ones chosen by Allah are in direct correlation to the lives of the prophets.

In conclusion, although the death of Moses was a mysterious claim by Allah; and the fact that Moses appeared to have died without partaking in some sort of physical religious battle, may lead one to believe that Moses does not deserve the entitlement of being a martyr. His death and his faithful obligations toward Allah have led his mysterious death to be an example of a true prophet and a true example of a martyrdom.

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According to the Sunni view: Moses and Muhammad are reported to have exchanged greeting with each other and he is reported to have cried due to the fact that the followers of Muhammad were going to enter Heaven in greater numbers than his followers. When Moses was told about the fifty prayers, he advised Muhammad to ask a reduction in prayers for his followers. Once again he met Moses, who again inquired about the command of God. Despite the reduction, Moses again urged Muhammad to ask for a reduction.

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Muhammad again returned and asked for a reduction. This continued until only five prayers were remaining. When Moses again told Muhammad to ask for a reduction, Muhammad replied that he was shy of asking again. Therefore, the five prayers were finally enjoined upon the Muslim community. Moses is given the title Kalimullah Arabic: The one who talked to Allah in Islam. Moses is revered as a prominent prophet and messenger in Islam, his narrative is recounted the most among the prophets in the Qur'an. Islamic tradition describes Moses being granted two miracles, the glowing hand and his staff which could turn into a snake.

The life of Moses is often described as a parallel to that of Muhammad. Both are regarded as lawgivers, ritual leaders, judges and the military leaders for their people. Islamic literature also identifies a parallel between their followers and the incidents of their history. The exodus of the Israelites is often viewed as a parallel to the migration of the followers of Muhammad.

The drowning and destruction of the Pharaoh and his army is also described to be a parallel to the Battle of Badr. Moses received the Torah directly from God. Despite conversing with God, the Qur'an states that Moses was unable to see God. In Islam, Moses is revered as the receiver of a scripture known as the Torah Tawrat. Among the books of the complete Hebrew Bible, only the Torah, meaning the books of Genesis , Deuteronomy , Numbers , Leviticus and Exodus are considered to divinely revealed instead of the whole Tanakh or the Old Testament.

The Qur'an states that the Torah was the " furqan " meaning difference, a term which the Quran is regarded as having used for itself as well. Modern Muslim scholars such as Mark N. Swanson and David Richard Thomas cite Deuteronomy Islamic teachings state that the Torah has been corrupted tahrif. The majority of Muslim scholars including Ibn Rabban and Ibn Qutayba have stated that the Torah had been distorted in its interpretation rather than in its text. The scholar Tabari considered the corruption to be caused by distortion of the meaning and interpretation of the Torah.

In doing so, Al-Tabari concludes that they added to the Torah what was not originally part of it and these writings were used to denounce the prophet Muhammad and his followers. Maqdisi claimed that the Torah had been distorted in the time of Moses, by the seventy elders when they came down from Mount Sinai. Maqdisi also stated that discrepancies between the Jewish Torah, the Samaritan Torah and the Greek Septuagint pointed to the fact that the Torah was corrupted.

Sunni Muslims fast on the Day of Ashura to commemorate the liberation of the Israelites from the Pharaoh. The author Paul Nwyia notes that the Qur'anic accounts of Moses have inspired Sufi exegetes to "meditate upon his experience as being the entry into a direct relationship with God, so that later the Sufis would come to regard him as the perfect mystic called to enter into the mystery of God". Some writers such as John Renard and Phyllis G. Jestice note that Sufi exegetes often explain the narrative by associating Moses for possessing exoteric knowledge while attributing esoteric knowledge to Khidr.

Moses is also revered in Islamic literature , which narrates and explains different parts of the life of Moses. The Muslim scholar and mystic Rumi , who titles Moses as the "spirit enkindler" also includes a story of Moses and a shepherd in his book, the Masnavi. Moses seeks out the shepherd and informs him that he was correct in his prayers.

The authors Norman Solomon and Timothy Winter regard the story to be "intended as criticism of and warning to those who in order to avoid anthropomorphism, negate the Divine attributes". According to Rumi, when Moses came across the tree in the valley of Tuwa and perceived the tree consumed by fire, he in fact saw the light of a "hundred dawns and sunrises". Many versions of the conversation of Moses and God are presented by Rumi; in all versions Moses is commanded to remove his footwear, which is interpreted to mean his attention to the world. Rumi commented on the Quranic verse 4: Rumi regarded Moses as the most important of the messenger-prophets before Muhammad.

The Shi'a Quranic exegesis scholar and thinker Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei , in his commentary Balance of Judgment on the Exegesis of the Qur'an attempted to show the infallibility of Moses in regard to his request for a vision of God and his breaking of his promise to Khidr as a part of the Shi'a doctorine of prophetic infallibility Ismah. According to Tabatabaei, Moses was not responsible for the promise broken to Khidr as he had added " God willing " after his promise.

Qutb believed that Moses was an important figure in Islamic teachings as his narrative symbolized the struggle to "expel evil and establish righteousness in the world" which included the struggle from oppessive tyrants, a struggle which Qutb considered was the core teaching of the Islamic faith.

His prayer to God asking for help of is described to be his awareness of his need. The commentary alleged to the Sixth Imam then states the command to remove his shoes symbolized the command to remove everything from his heart except God. Ibn Arabi considered Moses to be a "fusion" of the infants murdered by the Pharaoh, stating that the spiritual reward which God had chosen for each of the infants manifested in the character of Moses. According to Ibn Arabi, Moses was from birth an " amalgam " of younger spirits acting on older ones.

The Fatimid , Taiyabi and Dawoodi Bohra sects also believe in the same. The main body of the present shrine, mosque , minaret and some rooms were built during the reign of Baibars , a Mamluk Sultan , in AD. Over the years Nebi Musa was expanded, [] protected by walls, and includes rooms in its two levels which hosted the visitors.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Musa name. For the album by Iceburn, see Firon album. Prophets in the Quran. Listed by Islamic name and Biblical name. Stories of the Prophets The Three Messengers.

Jews, Christians and Muslims prophets Abrahamic prophets. Islam portal Religion portal Biography portal. Moses in rabbinic literature — A rabbinic view of Moses and his life. Scrolls of Moses —Another scripture believed to be given to Moses in Islam.

Moses in Islam

Tawrat —an Islamic view of the Torah. Ten Commandments — the ten commandments given to Moses on Mount Sinai. Prophets of Islam —for other characters viewed as Prophets in Islam. Aaron — also known as Harun , the brother of Moses. Amram — the father of Moses and Aaron. Jochebed — also known as Aisha the mother of Moses and Aaron in Biblical tradition. Miriam — the sister of Moses in Biblical tradition. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. Introduction to the Study of The Holy Qur'an. Continuum International Publishing Group. Dreaming in Christianity and Islam: Culture, Conflict, and Creativity.

Islam and the Vedas. Infants, Parents and Wet Nurses: A Christian Guide to the Qur'an: Building Bridges in Muslim Evangelism. Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conversation. First Encyclopaedia of Islam: The Religion of Islam. Universal Dimensions of Islam: Studies in Comparative Religion.

An Analysis And Brief History.

A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity: Theological and Historical Affiliations. The Koran For Dummies. Theological and Historical Afflictions. Islam And the Paranormal: A Reader on Classical Islam. A Christian Guide to the Quran: Islam and the Koran- Described and Defended. Moses in the Quran and Islamic Exegesis. Islam, the Straight Path: Islam interpreted by Muslims. Prophets in the Quran:

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