Study No. 12

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It was first performed on 30 May , in Ojai, California. It features many "idiomatic" traits of the player piano: Its ending is a second section in which notes are player with the sustain pedal held down, sometimes even getting to two hundred notes per second. However, even though it has canonic elements, it is mostly a rhapsodic piece. It starts with one voice and ends up with seven. The study has been arranged for 7 hands on two to four pianos, piano four-hands, small orchestra and chamber ensemble. It was first performed at the Kassel event in In the Study No.

Transcendental Études - Wikipedia

Nancarrow himself saw the study as "the ticking of an ontological clock world clock with events running along beside it at different speeds". It is one of the few pieces which have actual rules and correlations between tempo and pitch. To serve as a guide for listeners, Nancarrow also added chords at regular intervals to provide a temporal orientation. However, Nancarrow dismissed the idea of putting preparations in a piano for this study. It has up to eight parts and resembles the ticking of clocks at different speeds. Nancarrow never liked the piece and was initially willing to withdraw it.

With this study, Nancarrow started to use characteristics in notation other than the traditional ones. This study is a study on note durations, with eight voices being very close together. It was presumably composed around , and is strikingly similar to Ligeti's Monument for two pianos, written in This study was first performed in Aptos, California , on 27 August and has been arranged for two pianos and for piano four-hands.

The last study from is Study No. After this study, Nancarrow decided to go back to the unprepared piano.

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Nancarrow recorded the piece, but never published the score and discarded it, for he was not pleased with the result. This study was first performed in public in the same even as Study No. It has three differentiated parts, called "movements" by Kyle Gann , which follow a sequence of "fast-slow-fast". However, these movements are not marked in any way in the original score. This study was arranged for string quartet in This study was arranged for piano four-hands and chamber ensemble.

As in the previous study, the different speeds are alternated between the parts of the composition. Considered one of the most important studies by Nancarrow himself, this study was completed circa and was arranged for string quartet in All of these three studies were given a first performance at the Kassel event, in Summer The longest and most important study by Nancarrow, Study No.

It takes up to 10 minutes to perform. These twelve different speeds correspond to the ratios of the vibrations in the notes of a chromatic scale. It was first performed in Graz on 31 October and has since been arranged at least four times: The other three studies were begun between and , but were completed between and It was premiered in Mexico City on 23 October and was arranged for string trio in The four parts meet in the middle of the composition. Therefore, the fourth voice ends first, then the third, then the second and, finally, the first.

It was finished in It was finished between and , even though it was performed before it was finished. These two studies were first performed in the Bremen event, on 15 May From here, Nancarrow started to work on other creative ways to develop his compositions. It is divided into two parts: This means that the two pianos play the same score, but the second piano starts approximately 20 seconds away from the first, but a bit faster, in a way that both pianos end up simultaneously. It has been unofficially subtitled Transcendental. It was completed in and was first performed in the Pro Musica Nova event, in A complete version of the piece was first performed at Kassel in Summer From now on, Nancarrow started to fulfill commissions.

This is the case of the Study No. It was first performed in Los Angeles , on 2 November It is unofficially subtitled Aleatoric Canon or Aleatoric Round , given that it is a composition for two player pianos, but the voices in the canon can be player at any tempo relationship.

It was completed in and first premiered on 6 December , in Los Angeles. The last commission from Betty Freeman was the Study No. It was initially thought to be a five-movement suite, which would take up to 20 minutes to perform. However, Nancarrow thought it was too long and decided to discard three of the five movements and write another one.

Studies after Frederic Chopin (Godowsky, Leopold)

The final composition is a three-movement composition: All of them were composed between and , and were first premiered on 30 January , in Los Angeles, even though the shortened version was finished in The first movement is a boogie-woogie which what Nancarrow called a "spastic rhythm". In the third movement, Nancarrow uses a technique first known to have been used by Henry Cowell , in which the piano makes a very fast glissando only sustaining a few notes of a chord.

Two of the other three discarded parts were finished and assigned the numbers 46 and An abandoned part of the study, later entitled 45d or Discard , is now under the protection of the Paul Sacher Stiftung. It was first performed in Boulogne-Billancourt , on 21 October The final two-piano version was finished between and and was premiered on 17 October , in Donaueschingen. It was composed in The tempo ratios for the three movements of this composition 49a , 49b and 49c are relatively simple, which is why Nancarrow first planned to arrange it into a Concerto for Pianola and Orchestra planned for Rex Lawson , but he never realized it.

The whole suite as a jazz influence, and the structure falls into the scheme of "fast-slow-fast". It is a transcription for player piano of the second movement of the Piece for Small Orchestra No. The final study was jokingly entitled Study No. Nancarrow also created other similar compositions for player piano, including Para Yoko Spanish: Among Nancarrow's papers, up to five abandoned studies were found, all being reductions of other works for ensemble or orchestra.

The whole list of studies were not numbered in chronological order. All the studies were initially titled Rhythm Study. However, after Study No. Nevertheless, the first study was published with the original title. Studies 38 and 39 were later numbered as 43 and 48 in order to fulfill commissions. The list of studies is as follows:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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