El Corán (Religion nº 1) (Spanish Edition)

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Of particular note are the following countries: According to Islamic law, jizya poll tax is to be paid by all non-Muslims, [1] excluding the weak and the poor, living in a Muslim state, to the general welfare of the state. Al-Balathiri comments on this saying, "Khaled Ibn Al-Walid, on entering Damascus as a conqueror, offered a guarantee of security to its people and their properties and churches, and promised that the wall of the city would not be pulled down, and none of their houses be demolished. It was a guarantee of God, he said, and of the Caliph and all believers to keep them safe and secure on condition they paid the dues of the Jizya.

Whereas jizya is compulsory and paid by the tolerated community per head count, zakat was paid only if one can afford it. Muslims and non-Muslims who hold property, especially land, were required however to pay Kharaj. One of the open issues in the relation between Islamic states and non-Islamic states is the claim from hardline Muslims that once a certain land, state or territory has been under "Muslim" rule, it can never be relinquished anymore, and that such rule, somewhere in history would give the Muslims a kind of an eternal right on the claimed territory.

The Qur'an

This claim is particularly controversial with regard to Israel and to a lesser degree Spain and parts of the Balkan and it applies to parts of Kashmir as well. Reference to Islamic views on religious pluralism is found in the Quran. The following verses are generally interpreted as an evidence of religious pluralism:. If Allah so willed, He would have made you a single People, but His plan is to test each of you separately, in what He has given to each of you: The goal of all of you is to Allah. It is He that will show you the truth of the matters in which ye dispute.

And do not argue with the People of the Scripture except in a way that is best, except for those who commit injustice among them, and say, "We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you. And our God and your God is one; and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him. The Quran criticizes Christians and Jews who believed that their own religions are the only source of truth.

They say, if you want to be guided to salvation, you should either become a Jew or Christian.

What about the religion of Abraham, he also worshiped no one but Allah. We believe in Allah, and the revelation given to us, and to Abraham, to Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes of Israel, and that given to Moses and Jesus, and that given to all prophets from their Lord: We make no difference between one and another of them: And we bow to Allah. So, if they believe, they are indeed on the right path, but if they turn back, Allah will suffice them, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.

This is the Baptism of Allah. And who can baptize better than Allah.

And it is He Whom we worship. Will you dispute with us about Allah, He is our Lord and your Lord; that we are responsible for our doings and you for yours; and that We are sincere in Him? Do ye know better than Allah? But Allah is not unmindful of what ye do! That was a people that hath passed away.

They shall reap the fruit of what they did, and ye of what ye do! Of their merits there is no question in your case. Like unto their word is what those say who know not; but Allah will judge between them in their quarrel on the Day of Judgment. Many Muslims agree that cooperation with the Christian and Jewish community is important but some Muslims believe that theological debate is often unnecessary:. Come to what is common between us and you: That we worship none but God, that we associate no partners with Him, that we erect not, from among ourselves, Lords other than Allah.

If then they turn back, say: Islam's fundamental theological concept is the belief in one God. Muslims are not expected to visualize God but to worship and adore him as a protector. Any kind of idolatry is condemned in Islam. Muslims believe that Allah sent the Qur'an to bring peace and harmony to humanity through Islam submission to Allah.

The Khilafat ensured security of the lives and property of non-Muslims under the dhimmi system. This status was originally only made available to non-Muslims who were " People of the Book " Christians, Jews, and Sabians , but was later extended to include Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Hindus, Mandeans Sabians , and Buddhists. Dhimmi had more rights than other non-Muslim religious subjects, but often fewer legal and social rights than Muslims.

Some Muslims, however, disagree, and hold that adherents of these faiths cannot be dhimmi. Dhimmi enjoyed some freedoms under the state founded by Muhammad and could practice their religious rituals according to their faith and beliefs.

Islam and other religions

It should be noted that non-Muslims who were not classified as "people of the book," for example practitioners of the pre-Muslim indigenous Arabian religions, had few or no rights in Muslim society. Muslims and Muslim theologians attend at many interfaith dialogues , for example at the Parliament of the World's Religions with whom in also Muslim theologians signed the Declaration Toward a Global Ethic. Pre-Islamic religious minorities continue to exist in some of their native countries, although only as marginal percentages of the overall population. Over the centuries, several known religious debates, and polemical works did exist in various Muslim countries between various Muslim sects , as well as between Muslims and non-Muslims.

Many of these works survive today, and make for some very interesting reading in the apologetics genre.

Only when such debates spilled over to the unlearned masses, and thus causing scandals and civil strife, did rulers intervene to restore order and pacify the public outcry on the perceived attack on their beliefs. As for sects within Islam, history shows a variable pattern. Various sects became intolerant when gaining favour with the rulers, and often work to oppress or eliminate rival sects, for example, the contemporary persecution of Muslim minorities in Saudi Arabia.

The 14th century Sufi saint Abd al-Karim al-Jili stated, all religions could be summed up to principle religions and actually worship Allah in their own way:.

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