Italian verbs

Italian/Verbs

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Note that the following conjugations are both irregular. The past participle is used with the verbs avere and essere to form the passato prossimo. To form the past participle, the ending of the verb -are, -ere, -ire are changed as follows:. Note that the past participle of avere is avuto and the past participle of essere is stato.

The majority of the -ere verbs, some -ire ones and fare meaning "to do", "to make" actually form irregular past participles which don't follow any specific rules and have to be memorised e. To form the passato prossimo, you have to use avere or essere plus the past participle. Most verbs take avere for the passato prossimo; all reflexive verbs take essere and a few select verbs of motion take essere.

For now, we deal with the verbs that take avere. First, you conjugate avere for the appropriate subject, then place the past participle after it; an example follows:. Note that almost all verbs are conjugated this way with the passato prossimo. The passato prossimo is generally conjugated with avere ; however there are some situations in which essere is used.

Many verbs of motion as well as all the reflexive verbs, require essere.

And before we get to an example, there is just one other difference between essere and avere for the passato prossimo. While in conjugations with avere , the past participle does not agree with the subject, it must in essere. But if she wants to say 'I was', she would use essere and the respective form of the participle: Similar changes occur for plural subjects, such as noi , which can have a past participle ending in -i or -e. An example of a passato prossimo with essere follows:.

The verbs avere and essere are irregular in the future indicative. The verbs ending by -are and -ere are conjugated by adding the same set of endings for the future indicative. The endings for -ire verbs are similar but exactly the same; the difference is that the first e of the ending is replaced by i. Therefore the endings are: There is a small group of verbs whose infinitive ends with -gare or -care.

In the formation of the future indicative, these verbs require an h to keep the consistency with the rules of pronunciation. An example of such case follows:. From Wikibooks, open books for an open world. Retrieved from " https: Requests for expansion Pages needing clarification. Views Read Edit View history.

Policies and guidelines Contact us. This page was last edited on 15 November , at Subject pronouns are not obligatory in Italian, and they are normally only used when they are stressed. The conjugation of the verb is normally used to show the subject.

The pronoun tu and corresponding verb forms is used in the singular towards children, family members and close friends cf. The pronouns Lei and Loro though much more commonly just voi are used towards older people, strangers and very important or respectable people. Note that lei and loro can also mean "she" and "they", respectively. The irregular verb essere has the same form in the first person singular and third person plural. The forms vado and faccio are the standard Italian first person singular forms of the verbs andare and fare , but vo and fo are used in the Tuscan dialect.

Similar alternations are found in other verbs:. The past participle is used to form the compound pasts e.

Regular verbs follow a productive pattern, but there are many verbs with an irregular past participle. All transitive verbs and most intransitive verbs form the present perfect by combining the auxiliary verb avere "to have" in the present tense with the past participle of the transitive verb. A small number of intransitive verbs , namely essere itself and verbs indicating motion venire "to come", andare "to go", arrivare "to arrive", etc.

Italian verbs ending in the infinitive with - ARE:

The past participle in this agrees with gender and number of the subject. When using essere, the past participle agrees in gender and number with preceding third person direct object clitic pronouns, following the same pattern of nouns and adjectives:. Reflexive verbs always use essere , and their past participle agrees with the subject or with third person object pronouns, if these precede the verb. The Imperfect fuses past tense with imperfective aspect and is used for:.

There are no irregular verbs in the Imperfect, with the exception of essere and the retracted verbs, which use their full stems i. The Absolute Past has a function distinct from the Present Perfect. It is used for events which are distant from the present and no longer directly affect it e. The Absolute Past may at all times be replaced with the Present Perfect but not vice versa.

In many areas of Southern Italy, it is still used commonly in spoken language, whereas in Northern-Central Italy and Sardinia it is restricted to written language. Like the past participle, regular verbs are very predictable, but many verbs mainly of the second conjugation are irregular.

Italian conjugation: conjugate an Italian verb, Italian irregular verbs | Italian Conjugator

Used for activities done prior to another activity translates to constructions such as "had eaten", "had seen". The Past Perfect is formed the same as the Present Perfect, but with the auxiliary verb in the Imperfect.

In literary language, an Absolute Perfect exists which uses the Absolute Past of the auxiliaries, and which is used for activities done prior to another activity which is described with the Absolutive Past. This form is known as trapassato remoto. The future tense is used for events that will happen in the future. It is formed by adding the forms of avere to the Infinitive with abbiamo and avete retracted to -emo and -ete respectively. Sometimes the Infinitive undergoes some changes:. Historically speaking, these are derived from the present forms of the verb avere. The Future Perfect is formed the same as the Present Perfect, but with the auxiliary verb in the Future.

The Conditional is formed by taking the root of the Future i.

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