Developments in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering—2: Stress-Strain Modelling of Soils (Devel

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Soils and Foundations, vol. An interpretation of subloading tij model in the context of conventional elastoplasticity theory.

Ground densification due to sand compaction. An elasto-viscoplastic model for soft sedimentary rock based on tij concept and subloading surface concept. Earth pressure and ground movements in 2D and 3D retaining wall problems. A simple elastoplastic model for normally and over consolidated soils with unified material parameters. Mechanical behavior of pile foundations subjected to cyclic loading up to the ultimate state. A model for clay using modified stress under various loading conditions with the application of subloading concept.

Soils and Foundations , vol. Model tests and numerical simulation of braced excavation in sandy ground: Influence of construction history, wall friction, strut position and strut stiffness. Consequences of the tij-concept and a new modeling approach, Computers and Geotechnics , vol. Numerical calculations of soil response on a displacing basement. An isotropic hardening elastoplastic model for sand considering the stress path dependency in three-dimensional stresses.

True triaxial tests on normally consolidated clay and analysis of the observed shear behavior using elastoplastic constitutive models. A generalized elastoplastic constitutive model for clay in three-dimensional stresses.

Finite element computations for active and passive earth pressure problems of retaining wall. A new mechanical quantity for soils and its application to elastoplastic constitutive models.

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Constitutive Equation for soils based on the extended concept of "Spatial Mobilized Plane" and its application to finite element analysis. Shear behaviors of sand and clay under three dimensional stress condition. Stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soil under three different principal stresses. Proceedings, JSCE , no. Influence of wall deflection process and wall deflection mode in retaining wall problems. Proc of 2nd China-Japan Geotechnical Symposium, pp. Influence of existing building load on the deformation and earth pressure of ground due to tunneling. Numerical analysis of localized deformation in clay specimens using subloading tij model.

Analysis of an excavation with soil nailing using embedded finite element and advanced constitutive model. Finite element analysis of 3D full scale tunnel excavation using subloading tij model. Simulations of tunnel excavation in 2D and 3D conditions considering building loads. Numerical simulation of shar band developments using subloading tij model. An elastoplastic model for geomaterials using modified stress and subloading surface concept and its application to bearing capacity problems.

A simple elastoplastic model for geomaterials based on tij-concept and its calibration by various test data. Numerical analyis using subloading tij model for behavior of piles near embankment. Importance of 3D effects in Excavation problems - Model test and numerical analysis. Earth pressure and ground movements in 2D and 3D ratainng wall problems. Finite element analysis for prediction of ground densification using subloading tij model. Prediction of the densification process compacted sand piles using subloading tij model.

Shear behavior of sand under cyclic loading in general stress systems. A simple elastoplastic model for soils in general stress condition and its application to shallow foundation problems. Workshop on Geomechnics of Soft Soils, pp. Earth pressure and surface settlements in shallow tunnels with large cross-section. An elastoplastic model for normally and over consolidated soils I general stress systems and its application to some geotechnical problems. Numerical analysis using subloading tij model for localization deformation of clay based on small deformation theory.

An isotoropic hardening model for normally and ove consolidated soils with tij-concept and subloading surface concept. Analysis of three abreast shallow tunnels considering construction sequence. Shear behavior of sand under monotonic and cyclic loadings and its elastoplastic modeling. Model tests of tunneling in sandy and clayey grounds with different construction procedure. Earth pressure and ground movements due to tunneling - model tests and analyses.

Formulation of the influence of the density and the stress path dependency of plastic flow in sand. Behavior of reinforced foundation under uplift and push-in loadings - model tests and analyses. The relationship between fines percentages and these critical state parameters are too scattered to be correlated. In addition, other compositional characteristics including both coefficient of curvature and uniformity, limiting void ratio, and void ratio range are also able to uniquely describe the behaviour of sand matrix soils of different fines percentages.

The general indexes that have been usually used to describe the compositional characteristics are not sufficient enough to give good correlations in quantifying the trends of critical state parameters across different percentages of fines added in parent sand. Loosely speaking, the plastic behaviour due to the presence of kaolin, as the plastic fines, is a very potential cause for such variation.

The plasticity of higher percentages of kaolin existing within parent sand should have higher values compared to lower percentages. Although it is important to find out which intrinsic factor is actually corresponding to such changes, it is beyond the aims and scope of this paper. Therefore, more researches are warranted in future. An experimental study with undrained monotonic triaxial compression test has been conducted on sand-kaolin mixtures sand matrix soils and the results were used to establish the critical state of the soils together with corresponding critical state parameters.

Based on the results, the following conclusions are achieved. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List ScientificWorldJournal v. Published online Mar Received Jan 10; Accepted Feb This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction Recent field evidences of ground failure in sand with limiting percentages of fines during strong earthquakes have highlighted the need to better characterize the stress-strain behaviour of saturated soils in a broader range, from pure sand to sand matrix soils.

Year Researchers Developments Casagrande [ 11 ] Introduced critical void ratio, the same void ratio where contracted loose soil and dilated dense soil approach after sheared to large strains Taylor [ 12 ] Showed experimentally that dilatancy is stress dependent Roscoe et al.

Dr. Robert Y. Liang, F. ASCE

Open in a separate window. The Critical State of Sand To date, quite a number of granular soils have been tested to establish for their critical state. The relationship is as follows: Table 2 Critical state parameters of some soil types [ 20 ]. Table 3 Critical state properties of some soils after Jefferies and Been [ 5 ]. Experiment Testing In order to establish the critical state line and the critical state parameters for the investigated material, monotonic triaxial compression tests have been performed. Table 4 Compositional characteristic of tested sand matrix soils.

Results and Discussion Figure 3 a shows the typical stress path of the tested soils performed in this study, particularly the clean sand specimen SA1. Critical state line and critical state parameters of tested sand matrix soils.

1. Introduction

Table 5 The critical state parameters. Conclusion An experimental study with undrained monotonic triaxial compression test has been conducted on sand-kaolin mixtures sand matrix soils and the results were used to establish the critical state of the soils together with corresponding critical state parameters. Neither the fines percentages nor other corresponding compositional characteristics are adequate to be correlated with the critical state parameters of sand matrix soils.

More researches are warranted in future to find out which intrinsic factor significantly contributes to the changes to the critical state parameters of sand matrix soils across different fines percentages.

Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Liquefaction susceptibility criteria for silts and clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Prakash S, Puri VK. Recent advances in liquefaction of fine grained soils. Marto A, Tan CS. Short review on liquefaction susceptibility. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications.

Schofield A, Wroth CP. Critical State Soil Mechanics. Jefferies M, Been K. A Critical State Approach. An experimental study of the liquefaction strength of silty sands in terms of the state parameter. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Papadopoulou A, Tika T. The effect of fines on critical state and liquefaction resistance characteristics of non-plastic silty sands. Muhunthan B, Worthen DL.

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Critical state framework for liquefaction of fine grained soils. Undrained shear strength of sand plastic fines mixtures. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering. Been K, Jefferies M. Stress-dilatancy in very loose sand. Characteristics of cohesionless soils affecting the stability of slopes and earth fills.

Calculation of Tangent Modulus of Soils under Different Stress Paths

Contributions to Soils Mechanics. Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics. On the yielding of soils. Liquefaction of sands [Ph. Liquefaction and cyclic deformation of sands: The steady state of deformation. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. Been K, Jefferies MG.

State parameter for sands. The critical state of sands. An Introduction to the Mechanics Soils and Foundations: Through Critical State Soil Mechanis. Support Center Support Center.

Critical State of Sand Matrix Soils

Please review our privacy policy. Casagrande [ 11 ]. Introduced critical void ratio, the same void ratio where contracted loose soil and dilated dense soil approach after sheared to large strains. Taylor [ 12 ]. Defined critical state as the ultimate state at which a soil continues to deform at constant stress and constant void ratio. Schofield and Wroth [ 4 ]. Brought together stress-dependent strength and dilatancy to introduce critical state soil mechanics with Cam-Clay model. Castro [ 14 ].

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