Genghis Khan

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“Super Father” Genghis Khan has up to 16 million male descendants

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Mostly fictionalized account of the life of Ghenghis Khan, the Mongol warlord whose 13th century armies conquered much of the known world. Named Temujin, he was taken prisoner by the rival warlord Jamuga and as punishment was forced to wear a large round wooden stock that severely restricted his movements. With the help of two supporters, the wise-man Geen and the strongman Sengal he manages to escape. He now begins his quest to unify all of the Mongol tribes. He faces great success but his old nemesis Jemuga keeps appearing at various times in his life leader to a final battle between the two.

I have to admit I didn't think this film was half as bad as I have been led to believe through negative reviews here on IMdB and elsewhere. So, if it isn't all bad I agree it isn't historically accurate but neither was Elizabeth and s of other 'historical' films.

Genghis Khan

It is a bit leaden in places, true. Francoise Dorleac gets a bit tiresome although even she has her moments. The script may be a bit dodgy in places but looking at what we get in recent years I don't have a problem with Sharif in the title role at all - I thought he was fine. The 'Chinese' being Mason and Morley was distracting but even at their worst these two were always entertaining. Eli Wallach and Michael Hordern make interesting appearances.

Even done on the cheap the film doesn't look bad and I enjoyed it better than, say, Demetrius and the Gladiators. And then there was cute Stephen Boyd if all else failed, always a pleasure to watch. Genghis Khan a turkey? Let's just say 'I've seen worse'. They often cite the systematic slaughter of civilians in conquered regions, cruelties and destruction by Mongol armies.

Other authors also cite positive aspects of Genghis Khan's conquests. Genghis Khan is credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia, thus expanding the horizons of all three cultural areas. Some historians have noted that Genghis Khan instituted certain levels of meritocracy in his rule, was tolerant of religions and explained his policies clearly to all his soldiers.

Genghis Khan had been revered for centuries by Mongols and certain other ethnic groups such as Turks , largely because of his association with Mongol statehood, political and military organization, and his victories in war. He eventually evolved into a larger-than-life figure chiefly among the Mongols and is still considered the symbol of Mongolian culture. During the communist period in Mongolia, Genghis was often described as a reactionary, and positive statements about him were avoided.

In the early s, the memory of Genghis Khan underwent a powerful revival, partly in reaction to its suppression during the Mongolian People's Republic period.

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Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity. He is considered positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes. For example, Mongolians often refer to their country as "Genghis Khan's Mongolia", to themselves as "Genghis Khan's children", and to Genghis Khan as the "father of the Mongols" especially among the younger generation.

However, there is a chasm in the perception of his brutality.

Mongolians maintain that the historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan and that his butchery is exaggerated, while his positive role is underrated. In Mongolia today, Genghis Khan's name and likeness appear on products, streets, buildings, and other places.

Major Genghis Khan statues stand before the parliament [58] and near Ulaanbaatar. There have been repeated discussions about regulating the use of his name and image to avoid trivialization. Genghis Khan is regarded as one of the prominent leaders in Mongolia's history. He reinforced many Mongol traditions and provided stability and unity during a time of almost endemic warfare between tribes.

He is also credited for introducing the traditional Mongolian script and creating the first written Mongolian code of law, the Ikh Zasag "Great Administration". On the th anniversary of Genghis's birth, the President stated "Chinggis He was a man who knew that the good laws and rules lived longer than fancy palaces. As of [update] , Elbegdorj issued a decree establishing Genghis Khan's birthday as a national holiday on the first day of winter according to the Mongolian lunar calendar.

The legacy of Genghis and his successors, who completed the conquest of China after 65 years of struggle, remains a mixed topic. An unknown number of people migrated to Southern China in this period. In Inner Mongolia there are a monument and buildings dedicated to him and considerable number of ethnic Mongols in the area with a population of around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia. While Genghis never conquered all of China, his grandson Kublai Khan completed that conquest and established the Yuan dynasty that is often credited with re-uniting China.

There has been much artwork and literature praising Genghis as a military leader and political genius. The Mongol-established Yuan dynasty left an indelible imprint on Chinese political and social structures for subsequent generations with literature during the preceding Jin dynasty relatively fewer. Genghis Khan supported the Chinese Daoist sect leader Qiu Chuji and after personally meeting him in what is now Afghanistan, gave him control of all religious affairs in northern China.

In the Middle East, and particularly in Iran , Genghis Khan is almost universally condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord who caused enormous destruction to the population of these areas. Ward wrote that "Overall, the Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million people. Some historians have estimated that Iran's population did not again reach its pre-Mongol levels until the midth century. In Afghanistan along with other non-Turkic Muslim countries , he is generally viewed unfavorably, though some groups display ambivalence as it is believed that the Hazara of Afghanistan are descendants of a large Mongol garrison stationed there.

The invasions of Merv , Samarkand , Urgench , Nishapur , Bamyan , Balkh and Herat among others caused mass murders, such as when large portions of Khorasan Province were completely destroyed. His descendant Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's north and sacked Baghdad, although his forces were halted by the Mamluks of Egypt.

Hulagu's descendant Ghazan Khan once returned to beat the Mamluks and briefly gain the control of Syria, but were eventually defeated. According to the works of the Persian historian Rashid-al-Din Hamadani , the Mongols killed more than 70, people in Merv and more than , in Nishapur. Over the course of three years, the Mongols annihilated all of the major cities of Eastern Europe with the exception of Novgorod and Pskov.

Among the Iranian peoples , Genghis Khan, along with Hulagu and Timur are among the most despised conquerors in the region. Although the famous Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and particularly Timur , they clearly distanced themselves from the Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shahs, Turks , Persians , the citizens of Baghdad and Damascus , Nishapur , Bukhara and historical figures such as Attar of Nishapur and many other notable Muslims.

However, Mughal Emperors directly patronized the legacies of Genghis Khan and Timur; together their names were synonymous with the names of other distinguished personalities particularly among the Muslim populations of South Asia. In addition to most of the Mongol nobility up to the 20th century, the Mughal emperor Babur 's mother was a descendant. Timur also known as Tamerlane , the 14th-century military leader, and many other nobilities of central Asian countries claimed descent from Genghis Khan.

During the Soviet purge most of the Mongol nobility in Mongolia were purged. The closest depiction generally accepted by most historians is the portrait currently in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan, which was drawn under the supervision of his grandson Khubilai during the Mongol Yuan dynasty and depicts Genghis Khan with typical Mongol features. Since people of the Mongol nation later associated the name with ching Mongolian for strength , such confusion is obvious, though it does not follow etymology. One theory suggests the name stems from a palatalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis , meaning "ocean", "oceanic" or "wide-spreading".

Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggis by the Mongols. However, it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, "Tenggis Khan", which they did not. It is likely that the 13th-century Mongolian pronunciation would have closely matched "Chinggis". The English spelling "Genghis" is of unclear origin. Weatherford claims it derives from a spelling used in original Persian reports. Even at this time some Iranians pronounce his name as "Ghengiss". However, review of historical Persian sources does not confirm this.

The name would imply a blacksmith or a man strong like iron. No evidence has survived to indicate that Genghis Khan had any exceptional training or reputation as a blacksmith. When Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty in , he had his grandfather Genghis Khan placed on the official record as the founder of the dynasty or Taizu Chinese: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about the Mongolian emperor. For other uses, see Genghis Khan disambiguation. Genghis Khan as portrayed in a 14th-century Yuan era album; the original version was in black and white. Original size is 47 cm wide and Paint and ink on silk.

Who Was Genghis Khan?: Nico Medina, Who HQ, Andrew Thomson: bahana-line.com: Books

Family tree of Genghis Khan. Proto-Mongols and List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. August Learn how and when to remove this template message.

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Mongol invasions and conquests. Mongol conquest of Western Xia. Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty.

Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia. Mongol invasion of China. Tomb of Genghis Khan. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Organization of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan.

Early struggles

Mongol military tactics and organization. List of Mongol rulers. Destruction under the Mongol Empire. Descent from Genghis Khan.

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Retrieved July 29, According to Ratchnevsky, accepting a birth in would render Genghis Khan a father at the age of 30 and would imply that he personally commanded the expedition against the Tanguts at the age of Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not know and had never known their ages. His Life and Legacy. It is possible, however, to say with certainty that Genghis Khan died in August ; only in specifying the actual day of his death do our sources disagree.

Webster's New World College Dictionary. The Mongols 2 ed. History of the Mongol Conquests. University of Pennsylvania Press. Life, Death, and Resurrection reprint, illustrated ed. Retrieved May 17, North Georgia College and State University. Archived from the original on March 6, Retrieved January 26, Beheadings and mass slaughter are the hallmark of IS — whole villages massacred, women cast into slavery.

But this butchery is not random. It is callous and calculated, as former British intelligence officer Alastair Crooke points out: You create an absolute fear deliberately in your enemies, and the first time you come to a village you kill everyone, the dogs, the cats, everything. Destroy it down to the ground. Retrieved March 29, The New Encyclopedia of Islam. The Mongols Peoples of Europe. Jackson, Encyclopedia of traditional epics, p. Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chingis Khan expanded edition: Genghis Khan's Rise to Ruler of the World".

Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. Retrieved December 16, Archived from the original on July 16, Retrieved May 20, The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: Conqueror of the World: The Life of Chingis-khagan. Tale of Three Rivers". Life, Death and Resurrection. China's Muslim Hui community: Retrieved June 28, Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road illustrated ed. Archived from the original PDF on December 17, Retrieved July 17, The Peoples of Europe.

The Mongol Invasion of Europe , Atheneum, Retrieved August 21, From the Dawn of Civilization to the Present Day. Going against custom, Temujin put competent allies rather than relatives in key positions and executed the leaders of enemy tribes while incorporating the remaining members into his clan. He ordered that all looting wait until after a complete victory had been won, and he organized his warriors into units of 10 without regard to kin. Though Temujin was an animist, his followers included Christians, Muslims and Buddhists. By he had vanquished all rivals, including his former best friend Jamuka.

The following year, he called a meeting of representatives from every part of the territory and established a nation similar in size to modern Mongolia. Having united the steppe tribes, Genghis Khan ruled over some 1 million people. In order to suppress the traditional causes of tribal warfare, he abolished inherited aristocratic titles. He also forbade the selling and kidnapping of women, banned the enslavement of any Mongol and made livestock theft punishable by death. Moreover, Genghis Khan ordered the adoption of a writing system, conducted a regular census, granted diplomatic immunity to foreign ambassadors and allowed freedom of religion well before that idea caught on elsewhere.

After a series of raids, the Mongols launched a major initiative in that brought them to the doorstep of Yinchuan, the Xi Xia capital. Unlike other armies, the Mongols traveled with no supply train other than a large reserve of horses. The army consisted almost entirely of cavalrymen, who were expert riders and deadly with a bow and arrows. At Yinchuan, the Mongols deployed a false withdrawal—one of their signature tactics—and then initiated a siege. Though their attempt to flood the city failed, the Xi Xia ruler submitted and presented tribute. From to , the outnumbered Mongols ravaged the countryside and sent refugees pouring into the cities.

Food shortages became a problem, and the Jin army ended up killing tens of thousands of its own peasants. In the Mongols besieged the capital of Zhongdu now Beijing , and the Jin ruler agreed to hand over large amounts of silk, silver, gold and horses. When the Jin ruler subsequently moved his court south to the city of Kaifeng, Genghis Khan took this as a breach of their agreement and, with the help of Jin deserters, sacked Zhongdu to the ground.

The sultan there had agreed to a trade treaty, but when the first caravan arrived its goods were stolen and its merchants were killed. Despite once again being outnumbered, the Mongol horde swept through one Khwarezm city after another, including Bukhara, Samarkand and Urgench.

Skilled workers such as carpenters and jewelers were usually saved, while aristocrats and resisting soldiers were killed. Unskilled workers, meanwhile, were often used as human shields during the next assault.

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