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Managing a Research Topic is simple through Frontiers' award-winning Open Science platform along with support from our Swiss-based Editorial team. With us, you also retain the copyright of your work by publishing under the CC-BY license. Suggest your Topic, or ask for more information, by contacting our Editorial team via: Early career researchers are encouraged to team up with senior colleagues.

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Find out more about publication fees. All highly impactful Research Topics have the opportunity to be compiled into a freely shareable and downloadable eBook. Browse our wide variety of eBooks. Idan Segev - Hebrew University of Jerusalem. English, French, Spanish and Dutch patterns of expansion and settlement were quite different. Only a few thousand French migrated to Canada.

These habitants settled in villages along the St. Lawrence river, building communities that remained stable for long stretches, rather than leapfrogging west the way the English and later Americans did. Although French fur traders ranged widely through the Great Lakes and Mississippi River watersheds, as far as the Rocky Mountains , they did not usually settle down.

French settlement in these areas was limited to a few very small villages on the lower Mississippi and in the Illinois Country.

They did not push westward. In contrast, the English colonies generally pursued a more systematic policy of widespread settlement of the New World, for cultivation and exploitation of the land, which required the extension of European property rights to the new continent. The typical English settlements were quite compact and small—under 3 square kilometres 1 square mile.

Conflict with the Native Americans arose out of political issues, i. Early frontier areas east of the Appalachian Mountains included the Connecticut River valley.

Most of the frontier movement was east to west, but there were other directions as well. The frontier in New England lay to the north; in Nevada to the east; in Florida to the south. Throughout American history, the expansion of settlement was largely from the east to the west, and thus the frontier is often identified with "the west. They emphasized the relationship between the center and periphery. Katerberg argues that "in Canada the imagined West must be understood in relation to the mythic power of the North.

Innis considered place as critical in the development of the Canadian West and wrote of the importance of metropolitan areas, settlements, and indigenous people in the creation of markets. Turner and Innis continue to exert influence over the historiography of the American and Canadian Wests. The Quebec frontier showed little of the individualism or democracy that Turner ascribed to the American zone to the south.

The Nova Scotia and Ontario frontiers were rather more democratic than the rest of Canada, but whether that was caused by the need to be self-reliant at the frontier itself, or the presence of large numbers of American immigrants is debated. The Canadian political thinker Charles Blattberg has argued that such events ought to be seen as part of a process in which Canadians advanced a "border" as distinct from a "frontier" — from east to west. According to Blattberg, a border assumes a significantly sharper contrast between the civilized and the uncivilized since, unlike a frontier process, the civilizing force is not supposed to be shaped by that which it is civilizing.

Blattberg criticizes both the frontier and border "civilizing" processes.

The pattern of settlement of the Canadian prairies began in , when the American prairie states had already achieved statehood. Like their American counterparts, the Prairie provinces supported populist and democratic movements in the early 20th century. Following the victory of the United States in the American Revolutionary War and the signing Treaty of Paris in , the United States gained formal, if not actual, control of the British lands west of the Appalachians. Many thousands of settlers, typified by Daniel Boone , had already reached Kentucky , Tennessee , and adjacent areas.

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