LEcole des Maris [French & English Bilingual Edition] - Paragraph by Paragraph Translation (French E

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One of the characteristics of standard Italian is the retention of the - re infinitive ending, as in Latin mittere "send".

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The biggest difference between standard Italian and Corsican is that the latter uses the u termination, whereas standard Italian uses the o ending. For example, the Italian demonstrative pronouns questo "this" and quello "that" become in Corsican questu or quistu and quellu or quiddu. This feature was typical of the early Italian texts during the Middle Ages. The Corsican language has been influenced by the languages of the major powers taking an interest in Corsican affairs; earlier by those of the medieval Italian powers: Tuscany — , Pisa — and Genoa — , more recently by France —present , which, since , has promulgated the official Parisian French.

The term gallicised Corsican refers to Corsican up to about the year The term distanciated Corsican refers to an idealized Corsican from which various agents have removed French or other elements. The common relationship between Corsica and central Italy can be traced as far back as the Etruscans , who asserted their presence on the island in as early as BC.

The Roman exile, Seneca the Younger , reports that both coast and interior were occupied by natives whose language he did not understand see the Ligurian hypothesis. Whatever language was spoken is still visible in the toponymy or in some words, for instance in the Gallurese dialect spoken in Sardinia zerru 'pig'.

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A similar situation is valid for Sardinian and Sicilian. The occupation of the island by the Vandals around the year marked the end of authoritative influence by Latin speakers see Medieval Corsica.

If the natives of that time spoke Latin, they must have acquired it during the late empire. It has been theorised that a Sardinian variety might have been spoken in Corsica, prior to the island's Tuscanisation under Pisan and Genoese rule. The dialect of Ajaccio has been described as in transition. The dialects spoken at Calvi and Bonifacio are closer to the Genoese dialect, also known as Ligurian. This division along the Girolata-Porto Vecchio line was due to the massive immigration from Tuscany which took place in Corsica during the lower Middle Ages: The Northern Corsican macro variety Supranacciu , Supranu , Cismuntincu or Cismontano is the most widespread on the island and standardised as well, and is spoken in North-West Corsica around the districts of Bastia and Corte.

The dialect of Bastia and Cap Corse might be included among the Tuscan dialects, being they the closest form to standard Italian than any other Italo-Dalmatian dialects, with the exception of Florentine.

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Across the Northern and Southern borders of the line separating the Northern dialects from the Southern ones, there is a transitional area picking up linguistic phenomena associated to either of the two groups, with some local peculiarities. Basterga and Solenzara, which did not preserve the short Latin vowels: The Southern Corsican macro variety Suttanacciu , Suttanu , Pumontincu or Oltramontano is the most archaic and conservative group, spoken in the districts of Sartena and Porto-Vecchio.

It is also strongly marked by the presence of the voiced retroflex stop , like Sicilian e. Notable dialects are those from around Taravo cacuminal - dd - only for the - ll nexus: The Gallurese variety is spoken in the extreme north of Sardinia , including the region of Gallura and the archipelago of La Maddalena , and Sassarese is spoken in Sassari and in its neighbourhood, in the northwest of Sardinia.

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Whether the two should be included either in Corsican or in Sardinian as dialects or considered independent languages is still subject of debate. On Maddalena archipelago the local dialect called Isulanu, Maddaleninu, Maddalenino was brought by fishermen and shepherds from Bonifacio during immigration in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Though influenced by Gallurese, it has maintained the original characteristics of Corsican. There are also numerous words of Genoese and Ponzese origin. On October 14, , Article 2 Item 4 of Law Number 26 of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia granted " al dialetto sassarese e a quello gallurese " — equal legal status with the other languages on Sardinia. They are thus legally defined as different languages from Sardinian by the Sardinian government. The January estimated population of Corsica was ,, whereas the figure for the March census, when most of the studies—though not the linguistic survey work referenced in this article—were performed, was about , see under Corsica.

Only a fraction of the population at either time spoke Corsican with any fluency. The use of Corsican language over French language has been declining. In about 70 percent of the population of the island "had some command of the Corsican language. The language appeared to be in serious decline when the French government reversed its unsupportive stand and initiated some strong measures to save it.

At the primary school level Corsican is taught up to a fixed number of hours per week three in the year and is a voluntary subject at the secondary school level, [23] but is required at the University of Corsica. It is available through adult education. It can be spoken in court or in the conduct of other government business if the officials concerned speak it. The Cultural Council of the Corsican Assembly advocates for its use, for example, on public signs.

According to the anthropologist Dumenica Verdoni, writing new literature in modern Corsican, known as the Riacquistu , is an integral part of affirming Corsican identity. There were writers working in Corsican in the s and s [27].

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Ferdinand Gregorovius , 19th century traveller and enthusiast of Corsican culture, reported that the preferred form of the literary tradition of his time was the vocero , a type of polyphonic ballad originating from funeral obsequies. These laments were similar in form to the chorales of Greek drama except that the leader could improvise. Some performers were noted at this, such as the s Mariola della Piazzole and Clorinda Franseschi.

Corsican has also left a trail of legal documents ending in the late 12th century. At that time the monasteries held considerable land on Corsica and many of the churchmen were notaries. Between and the monastery of Gorgona , which belonged to the Order of Saint Benedict for much of that time and was in the territory of Pisa , acquired about 40 legal papers of various sorts related to Corsica. As the church was replacing Pisan prelates with Corsican ones there, the legal language shows a transition from entirely Latin through partially Latin and partially Corsican to entirely Corsican.

The first known surviving document containing some Corsican is a bill of sale from Patrimonio dated to Research into earlier evidence of Corsican is ongoing. Corsican is written in the standard Latin script , using 21 of the letters for native words. The letters j, k, w, x, and y are found only in foreign names and French vocabulary. The digraphs and trigraphs chj , ghj , sc and sg are also defined as "letters" of the alphabet in its modern scholarly form compare the presence of ch or ll in the old Spanish alphabet and appear respectively after c , g and s.

The primary diacritic used is the grave accent , indicating word stress when it is not penultimate.

In scholarly contexts, disyllables may be distinguished from diphthongs by use of the diaeresis on the former vowel as in Italian and distinct from French and English. On the other hand, the phonemes of the modern Corsican dialects have undergone complex and sometimes irregular phenomena depending on phonological context, so the pronunciation of the language for foreigners familiar with other Romance languages is not straightforward.

Pair English-French books to promote biliteracy using thematic or content instruction. Engage students with French texts by reading about diverse, culturally relevant topics. ALL the resources that support a leveled book can be found on its home page. French Leveled Book Formats French Leveled Books come in an array of options to meet independent, small-group, and whole-class objectives. Leveled Book Support Resources Each guided reading session, which takes from 15 to 25 minutes, begins with introducing a book, eliciting prior knowledge, and building background.

Quick Checks for Assessing Leveled Book Comprehension Comprehension quizzes are a fast, easy way to assess how well students comprehend their reading and are great resources for text-dependent questions. These include such skills as: French Translated Leveled Book Lesson Ideas Each guided reading session takes about 15 to 20 minutes and emphasizes higher-order thinking skills while providing the opportunity for deeper understanding of the text.

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Filter these books Clear all filters. With Read and Color. Dans Level aa Fiction. Gros Level aa Nonfiction. Hors Level aa Fiction.

Ma famille Level aa Fiction. On habille Fido Level aa Fiction. Petit Level aa Nonfiction.

Sous Level aa Fiction. Sur Level aa Fiction. Les animaux de compagnie Level aa Nonfiction. Les animaux de la ferme Level aa Nonfiction. L'hiver Level aa Nonfiction. Le printemps Level aa Nonfiction. La ville Level aa Nonfiction. Chaud et froid Level A Nonfiction. Entrer et sortir Level A Fiction.

Corsican language

Il court Level A Fiction. Je peux Level A Fiction.

Ma chambre Level A Fiction. Maria compte les citrouilles Level A Fiction. Mes cheveux Level A Fiction. Mon chien Level A Fiction. Mon visage Level A Nonfiction. Vers le haut et vers le bas Level A Fiction. L'oiseau vole Level A Fiction. C'est le printemps Level B Nonfiction. Je lis un livre Level B Fiction.

Je peins en violet Level B Fiction. Nous faisons des biscuits Level B Fiction. Parfois les bananes Level B Nonfiction. Les cris des animaux Level B Nonfiction. Un petit chien joueur Level B Fiction. Le pique-nique Level B Fiction.

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