John F. Kennedy: A Bibliography (Bibliographies of the Presidents of the United States)

John F. Kennedy

---

When Kennedy found out, the world was close to nuclear war in October , because Kennedy's military consultants recommended an immediate air strike. But Kennedy's brother, the military and attorney general Robert Kennedy disagreed, because the US would act like Japan with Pearl Harbor and loose its faith.

The president instituted a naval blockade against Russian ships and demanded removal of the missiles.

John F. Kennedy: A Resource Guide

After about a week the Russians agreed and Kennedy promised not to invade Cuba. In Kennedy passed the Berlin Crisis. The problem of West and East Berlin was not solved and it became even worse in August because of the construction of the Berlin Wall. The Cold War had its downs when Kennedy was president, but also its ups.

A 'hotline' insured instantaneous communication between the Kremlin and White House for times of crisis threatening the peace. Both governments became more peaceful and in they signed the Test Ban Treaty, which outlawed atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. During his presidency the internal policy existed for an important part of policy for equal rights for all citizens. Kennedy had to deal with a lot of resistance and most of his bills were rejected.

He had plans to improve the social policy, but only under his successor Johnson most of Kennedy's ideas were accepted by Congress. On 22 November Kennedy visited Dallas with his wife Jackie. In the last year of the Eisenhower presidency, the Central Intelligence Agency CIA had equipped and trained a brigade of anticommunist Cuban exiles for an invasion of their homeland.

The Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously advised the new president that this force, once ashore, would spark a general uprising against the Cuban leader, Fidel Castro. But the Bay of Pigs invasion was a fiasco; every man on the beachhead was either killed or captured. Privately he told his father that he would never again accept a Joint Chiefs recommendation without first challenging it. Khrushchev ordered a wall built between East and West Berlin and threatened to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany.

The president activated National Guard and reserve units, and Khrushchev backed down on his separate peace threat.

Navigation menu

For 13 days nuclear war seemed near; then the Soviet premier announced that the offensive weapons would be withdrawn. See Cuban missile crisis. Because of his slender victory in , Kennedy approached Congress warily, and with good reason; Congress was largely indifferent to his legislative program. It approved his Alliance for Progress Alianza in Latin America and his Peace Corps , which won the enthusiastic endorsement of thousands of college students. But his two most cherished projects, massive income tax cuts and a sweeping civil rights measure, were not passed until after his death.

In May Kennedy committed the United States to land a man on the Moon by the end of the decade, and, while he would not live to see this achievement either, his advocacy of the space program contributed to the successful launch of the first American manned spaceflights. He was an immensely popular president, at home and abroad.

Early life

At times he seemed to be everywhere at once, encouraging better physical fitness, improving the morale of government workers, bringing brilliant advisers to the White House , and beautifying Washington, D. His wife joined him as an advocate for American culture. Their two young children, Caroline Bouvier and John F. Joseph Kennedy, meanwhile, had been incapacitated in Hyannis Port by a stroke, but the other Kennedys were in and out of Washington.

He advised the president on all matters of foreign and domestic policy, national security, and political affairs. Another sister, Patricia, had married Peter Lawford, an English-born actor who served the family as an unofficial envoy to the entertainment world. But if the first family had become American royalty, its image of perfection would be tainted years later by allegations of marital infidelity by the president most notably, an affair with motion-picture icon Marilyn Monroe and of his association with members of organized crime.

He was convinced that he could bury Goldwater under an avalanche of votes, thus receiving a mandate for major legislative reforms. To present a show of unity, the president decided to tour the state with both men. On Friday, November 22, , he and Jacqueline Kennedy were in an open limousine riding slowly in a motorcade through downtown Dallas.

He was pronounced dead shortly after arrival at Parkland Memorial Hospital. Governor Connally, though also gravely wounded, recovered. Vice President Johnson took the oath as president at 2: Lee Harvey Oswald , a year-old Dallas citizen, was accused of the slaying. Two days later Oswald was shot to death by Jack Ruby , a local nightclub owner with connections to the criminal underworld, in the basement of a Dallas police station. In a special committee of the U. House of Representatives declared that although the president had undoubtedly been slain by Oswald, acoustic analysis suggested the presence of a second gunman who had missed.

John Kennedy was dead, but the Kennedy mystique was still alive. Both Robert and Ted ran for president in and , respectively. Yet tragedy would become nearly synonymous with the Kennedys when Bobby, too, was assassinated on the campaign trail in Jacqueline Kennedy and her two children moved from the White House to a home in the Georgetown section of Washington. Continuing crowds of the worshipful and curious made peace there impossible, however, and in the summer of she moved to New York City.

Pursuit continued until October 20, , when she married Aristotle Onassis , a wealthy Greek shipping magnate. As an adult, daughter Caroline was jealous of her own privacy, but John Jr. In , when John Jr. The table provides a list of cabinet members in the administration of President John F.

We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval.

Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Cabinet of President John F. Learn More in these related Britannica articles: Kennedy , the 35th president of the United States, as he rode in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, In contrast to many countries with parliamentary forms of government, where the office of president, or head of state, is mainly ceremonial, in the United States the president is vested with great authority and is arguably….

Policies of the Kennedy administration. JFK Wants to Know: K42 [ Catalog Record ]. Government Printing Office, K4 [ Catalog Record ]. A Nation of Immigrants. As We Remember Joe. K4 K4 [ Catalog Record ]. The Kennedy Presidential Press Conferences. K [ Catalog Record ].

Public Papers of the Presidents: A [ Catalog Record ] Note: Selected Biographies and other Studies of Kennedy. Oxford University Press, B43 [ Catalog Record ]. B [ Catalog Record ]. B75 [ Catalog Record ]. Kennedy and a New Generation. B79 [ Catalog Record ].

Little, Brown, and Co. D28 [ Catalog Record ]. The Presidency of John F.

• Handbook of Contrast Echocardiography: Left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion
• Mindful Universe: Quantum Mechanics and the Participating Observer (The Frontiers Collection)
• Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology (MIT Press)
• Farandole, No. 4 from Larlésienne, Suite 2
• Gunning for the Holy Ghost - Tales of Passage 1
• Equalization: The Jacocks-Garcia Sr. Preliminary Vocal Practice Book (Bel Canto Series 5)
• Selling with confidence: Finding and Closing Successful Deals Without Breaking the Bank (Business on