The Vampire Sagas, 1911, The Road.

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Lord Ruthven — a suave British nobleman, the vampire Aubrey — a wealthy young gentleman, Aubrey accompanies Ruthven to Rome, but leaves him after Ruthven seduces the daughter of a mutual acquaintance. Aubrey travels to Greece, where he attracted to Ianthe. Ianthe tells Aubrey about the legends of the vampire, Ruthven arrives at the scene and shortly thereafter Ianthe is killed by a vampire. Aubrey does not connect Ruthven with the murder and rejoins him in his travels, the pair is attacked by bandits and Ruthven is mortally wounded.

Before he dies, Ruthven makes Aubrey swear an oath that he will not mention his death or anything else he knows about Ruthven for a year, looking back, Aubrey realizes that everyone whom Ruthven met ended up suffering. Aubrey returns to London and is amazed when Ruthven appears shortly thereafter, alive, Ruthven reminds Aubrey of his oath to keep his death a secret. Ruthven then begins to seduce Aubreys sister while Aubrey, helpless to protect his sister, has a nervous breakdown, Ruthven and Aubreys sister are engaged to marry on the day the oath ends.

Just before he dies, Aubrey writes a letter to his sister revealing Ruthvens history, on the wedding night, she is discovered dead, drained of her blood — and Ruthven has vanished. The tale was first published in form by Sherwood, Neely. The notation on the noted that it was, Entered at Stationers Hall. Initially, the author was given as Lord Byron, later printings removed Byrons name and added Polidoris name to the title page.

The story was a popular success, partly because of the Byron attribution. Polidori transformed the vampire from a character in folklore into the form that is recognized today—an aristocratic fiend who preys among high society. Byron is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and remains widely read and influential and he travelled extensively across Europe, especially in Italy, where he lived for seven years with the struggling poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.

He died in at the age of 36 from a fever contracted while in Missolonghi, ethel Colburn Mayne states that George Gordon Byron was born on 22 January in a house on 24 Holles Street in London. Byrons father had seduced the married Marchioness of Carmarthen and, after she divorced her husband.

His treatment of her was described as brutal and vicious, in order to claim his second wifes estate in Scotland, Byrons father took the additional surname Gordon, becoming John Byron Gordon, and he was occasionally styled John Byron Gordon of Gight. Byron himself used this surname for a time and was registered at school in Aberdeen as George Byron Gordon, at the age of 10, he inherited the English Barony of Byron of Rochdale, becoming Lord Byron, and eventually dropped the double surname.

Byrons paternal grandparents were Vice-Admiral the Hon. In a move to avoid his creditors, Catherine accompanied her husband to France in He was born on 22 January in lodgings at Holles Street in London, Catherine moved back to Aberdeenshire in , where Byron spent his childhood.

His father soon joined them in their lodgings in Queen Street, Catherine regularly experienced mood swings and bouts of melancholy, which could be partly explained by her husbands continuing to borrow money from her. As a result, she fell even further into debt to support his demands and it was one of these importunate loans that allowed him to travel to Valenciennes, France, where he died in When Byrons great-uncle, the wicked Lord Byron, died on 21 May , described as a woman without judgment or self-command, Catherine either spoiled and indulged her son or vexed him with her capricious stubbornness.

Her drinking disgusted him, and he often mocked her for being short and corpulent and she once retaliated and, in a fit of temper, referred to him as a lame brat. Langley-Moore questions the Galt claim that she over-indulged in alcohol, upon the death of Byrons mother-in-law Judith Noel, the Hon. Penny dreadful — Penny dreadful is a pejorative term used to refer to cheap popular serial literature produced during the nineteenth century in the United Kingdom.

The term is interchangeable with penny horrible, penny awful. The term typically referred to a story published in weekly parts, the subject matter of these stories was typically sensational, focusing on the exploits of detectives, criminals, or supernatural entities. The penny dreadfuls were printed on wood pulp paper and were aimed at young working class males.

Victorian Era Britain experienced social changes that resulted in increased literacy rates, with the rise of capitalism and industrialisation, people began to spend more money on entertainment, contributing to the popularisation of the novel. Other significant changes included industrialisation and a capacity for travel via the invention of tracks, engines. These changes created both a market for popular literature, and the ability for it to be circulated on a large scale. The first penny serials were published in the s to meet this demand, the serials were priced to be affordable to working-class readers, and were considerably cheaper than the serialised novels of authors such as Charles Dickens, which cost a shilling per part.

Highwaymen were popular heroes, Black Bess or the Knight of the Road, outlining the largely imaginary exploits of real-life English highwayman Dick Turpin, Other serials were thinly-disguised plagiarisms of popular contemporary literature. The publisher Edward Lloyd, for instance, published a number of penny serials derived from the works of Dickens entitled Oliver Twiss, Nickelas Nicklebery, and Martin Guzzlewit.

Working class boys who could not afford a penny a week often formed clubs that would share the cost, Other enterprising youngsters would collect a number of consecutive parts, then rent the volume out to friends. In , Boys of England was introduced as a new type of publication and it was printed on the same cheap paper, though it sported a larger format than the penny parts. As the price and quality of other types of works were the same. American dime novels were edited and rewritten for a British audience and these appeared in booklet form, such as the Boys First Rate Pocket Library.

Frank Reade, Buffalo Bill, and Deadwood Dick were all popular with the penny dreadful audience, in reality, the serial novels were overdramatic and sensational, but generally harmless. If anything, the penny dreadfuls, although not the most enlightening or inspiring of literary selections. During his lifetime, he was known as the personal assistant of actor Henry Irving and business manager of the Lyceum Theatre in London. Stoker was the third of seven children, the eldest of whom was Sir Thornley Stoker, Abraham and Charlotte were members of the Church of Ireland Parish of Clontarf and attended the parish church with their children, who were baptised there.

Stoker was bedridden with an unknown illness until he started school at the age of seven, of this time, Stoker wrote, I was naturally thoughtful, and the leisure of long illness gave opportunity for many thoughts which were fruitful according to their kind in later years. He was educated in a school run by the Rev. After his recovery, he grew up without further serious illnesses, even excelling as an athlete at Trinity College, Dublin and he graduated with honours as a B.

He was auditor of the College Historical Society and president of the University Philosophical Society, Stoker became interested in the theatre while a student through his friend Dr. Theatre critics were held in low esteem, but he attracted notice by the quality of his reviews, in December , he gave a favourable review of Henry Irvings Hamlet at the Theatre Royal in Dublin. Wilde was upset at Florences decision, but Stoker later resumed the acquaintanceship, the Stokers moved to London, where Stoker became acting manager and then business manager of Irvings Lyceum Theatre, London, a post he held for 27 years.

Working for Irving, the most famous actor of his time and he was dedicated to Irving and his memoirs show he idolised him. Dracula — Dracula is an Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, famous for introducing the character of the vampire Count Dracula. Dracula has been assigned to many genres including vampire literature, horror fiction, the gothic novel. Stoker did not invent the vampire but he defined its modern form, and the novel has spawned numerous theatrical, film, a short note is located at the end of the final chapter written 7 years after the events outlined in the novel.

At first enticed by Draculas gracious manners, Harker soon realizes that he is Draculas prisoner, wandering the Counts castle against Draculas admonition, Harker encounters three female vampires, called the sisters, from whom he is rescued by Dracula. After the preparations are made, Dracula leaves Transylvania and abandons Harker to the sisters, Harker barely escapes from the castle with his life. Not long afterward, a Russian ship, the Demeter, having weighed anchor at Varna, the captains log narrates the gradual disappearance of the entire crew, until the captain alone remained, himself bound to the helm to maintain course.

An animal resembling a dog is seen leaping ashore. The ships cargo is described as silver sand and 50 boxes of mould, or earth and he does this to secure for himself lairs and the 50 boxes of earth would be used as his graves which would grant safety and rest during times of feeding and replenishing his strength. Lucy receives three marriage proposals from Dr. Dracula communicates with Sewards patient Renfield, an man who wishes to consume insects, spiders, birds.

Renfield is able to detect Draculas presence and supplies clues accordingly, when Lucy begins to waste away suspiciously, Seward invites his old teacher, Abraham Van Helsing, who immediately determines the true cause of Lucys condition.

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He refuses to disclose it but diagnoses her with acute blood-loss, Helsing prescribes numerous blood transfusions to which Dr. Seward, Helsing, Quincey and Arthur all contribute over time.

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Helsing also prescribes flowers to be placed throughout her room and weaves a necklace of withered Garlic Blossoms for her to wear as well and she however continues to waste away - appearing to lose blood every night. While both doctors are absent, Lucy and her mother are attacked by a wolf, Mrs. Westenra, who has a heart condition, dies of fright. Van Helsing attempts to protect her with garlic but fate thwarts him each night, whether Lucys mother removes the garlic from her room, the doctors have found two small puncture marks about her neck, which Dr.

Seward is at a loss to understand. After Lucy dies, Helsing places a crucifix over her mouth. Fate conspires against him again when Helsing finds the crucifix in the possession of one of the servants who stole it off Lucys corpse, following Lucys death and burial, the newspapers report children being stalked in the night by a bloofer lady. She is perhaps best known for her popular and influential series of novels, The Vampire Chronicles, Books from The Vampire Chronicles were the subject of two film adaptations, Interview with the Vampire in , and Queen of the Damned in Born in New Orleans, Rice spent much of her life there before moving to Texas.

She was raised in an observant Catholic family, but became an agnostic as a young adult and she began her professional writing career with the publication of Interview with the Vampire in , while living in California, and began writing sequels to the novel in the s. Several years later she distanced herself from organized Christianity, citing disagreement with the Churchs stances on social issues, however, she now considers herself a secular humanist.

Rices books have sold nearly million copies, placing her among the most popular authors in recent American history, while reaction to her early works was initially mixed, she became more popular with critics and readers in the s. Her writing style and the content of her works have been deeply analyzed by literary commentators. She was married to poet and painter Stan Rice for 41 years and she and Stan had two children, Michele, who died of leukemia at age five, and Christopher, who is also an author.

Several books from The Vampire Chronicles have been adapted as comics by various publishers, Rice has also authored erotic fiction under the pen names Anne Rampling and A. Roquelaure, including Exit to Eden, which was later adapted into a film. Born on October 4, in New Orleans, Rice is the second of four daughters of parents of Irish Catholic descent, Howard OBrien and her older sister, Alice Borchardt, later became a noted author of fantasy and horror fiction.

Rice spent most of her childhood and teenage years in New Orleans and her early years were marked by coping with the familys poverty and her mothers alcoholism. As a young child, Rice studied at St. Alphonsus School, about her unusual given name, Rice said, Well, my birth name is Howard Allen because apparently my mother thought it was a good idea to name me Howard. My fathers name was Howard, she wanted to me after Howard. She was a bit of a Bohemian, a bit of mad woman, a bit of a genius, and she had the idea that naming a woman Howard was going to give that woman an unusual advantage in the world.

Rice became Anne on her first day of school, when a nun asked her what her name was and she told the nun Anne, which she considered a pretty name. Her mother, who was with her, let it go without correcting her, from that day on, everyone she knew addressed her as Anne, and her name was legally changed in I was honored to have my aunts name, she said, when Rice was fifteen years old, her mother died as a result of alcoholism.

Interview with the Vampire — Interview with the Vampire is a debut gothic horror and vampire novel by American author Anne Rice, published in Based on a short story Rice wrote around , the novel centers on vampire Louis de Pointe du Lac, Rice composed the novel shortly after the death of her young daughter Michelle, who served as an inspiration for the child-vampire character Claudia. Though initially the subject of mixed reception, the book was followed by a large number of widely popular sequels.

A film adaptation was released in , starring Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise, a vampire named Louis tells his year-long life story to a reporter referred to simply as the boy. In , Louis is an indigo plantation owner living south of New Orleans. Distraught by the death of his pious brother, he death in any way possible. Louis is approached by a vampire named Lestat de Lioncourt, who desires Louis company, Lestat turns Louis into a vampire and the two become immortal companions.

Lestat spends time feeding off the plantation slaves while Louis. Louis and Lestat are forced to leave when Louis slaves begin to fear the monsters with which they live, Louis sets his own plantation aflame, he and Lestat exterminate the plantation slaves to keep word from spreading about vampires living in Louisiana. Gradually, Louis bends under Lestats influence and begins feeding from humans and he slowly comes to terms with his vampire nature, but also becomes increasingly repulsed by what he perceives as Lestats total lack of compassion for the humans he preys upon.

Escaping to New Orleans, Louis feeds off a plague-ridden, 5-year old girl, Louis begins to think of leaving Lestat and going his own way. Fearing this, Lestat then turns the girl into a daughter for them. She is then given the name Claudia, Louis is initially horrified that Lestat has turned a child into a vampire, but soon begins to care for Claudia. Claudia takes to killing easily, but she begins to realize over time she can never grow up, her mind matures into that of an intelligent, assertive woman, but her body remains that of a young girl.

Claudia blames Lestat for her condition and, after 60 years of living with him, she hatches a plot to kill Lestat by poisoning him, Claudia and Louis then dump his body into a nearby swamp. As Louis and Claudia prepare to flee to Europe, Lestat appears, having recovered from Claudias attack, Louis sets fire to their home and barely escapes with Claudia, leaving a furious Lestat to be consumed by the flames. Arriving in Europe, Louis and Claudia seek out more of their kind and they travel throughout eastern Europe first and do indeed encounter vampires, but these vampires appear to be nothing more than mindless animated corpses.

It is only when they reach Paris that they encounter vampires like themselves — specifically, inhabiting an ancient theater, Armand and his vampire coven disguise themselves as humans and feed on live, terrified humans in mock-plays before a live human audience. Science fiction — Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas.

Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in or William Atheling Jr.

According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth.

Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself.

Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth.

In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine.

Extraterrestrial life — Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life, is life that does not originate from Earth. These hypothetical life forms may range from simple single-celled organisms to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity, although many scientists expect extraterrestrial life to exist in some form, there is no evidence for its existence to date. The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, the science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology.

The science of astrobiology considers life on Earth as well, in , remains of biotic life were found in 4. According to one of the researchers, If life arose relatively quickly on Earth and it has also played a major role in works of science fiction. Over the years, science fiction works have increased the publics interest in the possibility of extraterrestrial life, some encourage aggressive methods to try for contact with intelligent extraterrestrial life, whereas others argue that it might be dangerous to actively call attention to Earth.

Alien life, such as microorganisms, has been hypothesized to exist in the Solar System and this hypothesis relies on the vast size and consistent physical laws of the observable universe. The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, Alternatively, life may have formed less frequently, then spread—by meteoroids, in any case, complex organic molecules may have formed in the protoplanetary disk of dust grains surrounding the Sun before the formation of Earth.

According to these studies, this process may occur outside Earth on several planets and moons of the Solar System, since the s, scientists have argued the idea that habitable zones around stars are the most likely places to find life. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists, astrobiologists have also considered a follow the energy view of potential habitats. Life on Earth requires water as its solvent in which biochemical reactions take place, More generally, life based on ammonia has been suggested, though this solvent appears less suitable than water.

It is also conceivable that there are forms of life whose solvent is a liquid hydrocarbon, about 29 chemical elements play an active positive role in living organisms on Earth. These six elements form the building blocks of virtually all life on Earth. The unique characteristics of carbon make it unlikely that it could be replaced, even on another planet, the carbon atom has the unique ability to make four strong chemical bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms. These covalent bonds have a direction in space, so that carbon atoms can form the skeletons of complex 3-dimensional structures with definite architectures such as nucleic acids, carbon forms more compounds than all other elements combined.

The great versatility of the atom makes it the element most likely to provide the bases—even exotic ones—for the chemical composition of life on other planets. Serbia — Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a transitional character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, following the Slavic migrations to the Balkans from the 6th century onwards, Serbs established several states in the early Middle Ages.

The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by Rome and the Byzantine Empire in , in the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the regions first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia formed a union with Montenegro which dissolved peacefully in , in the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community.

An EU membership candidate since , Serbia has been negotiating its EU accession since January , the country is acceding to the WTO and is a militarily neutral state. Serbia is an income economy with dominant service sector, followed by the industrial sector. The country covers a total of 88, km2, which places it at th place in the world, with Kosovo excluded, the area is 77, km2.

Its total border length amounts to 2, km, all of Kosovos border with Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro are under control of the Kosovo border police. The Pannonian Plain covers the third of the country while the easternmost tip of Serbia extends into the Wallachian Plain. Mountains dominate the third of Serbia. Dinaric Alps stretch in the west and the southwest, following the flow of the rivers Drina, the Carpathian Mountains and Balkan Mountains stretch in a north—south direction in eastern Serbia.

Habsburg Monarchy — The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire, united only in the person of the monarch. The dynastic capital was Vienna, except from to , from to the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire, and from to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The two entities were never coterminous, as the Habsburg Monarchy covered many lands beyond the Holy Roman Empire, the monarchy had no official name.

The entity had no official name, Austrian Empire, This was the official name. An unofficial popular name was the Danubian Monarchy also often used was the term Doppel-Monarchie meaning two states under one crowned ruler, Crownlands or crown lands, This is the name of all the individual parts of the Austrian Empire, and then of Austria-Hungary from on.

Burgenland came to Austria in from Hungary, Salzburg finally became Austrian in after the Napoleonic wars. Vienna, Austrias capital became a state January 1,, after being residence, Upper and Lower Austria, historically, were split into Austria above the Enns and Austria below the Enns. Upper Austria was enlarged after the Treaty of Teschen following the War of the Bavarian Succession by the so-called Innviertel, formerly part of Bavaria. The term was replaced by the term Crownlands in the March Constitution, within the Habsburg Monarchy, each province was governed according to its own particular customs.

Until the mid 17th century, not all of the provinces were even necessarily ruled by the same members of the family often ruled portions of the Hereditary Lands as private apanages. An even greater attempt at centralization began in following the suppression of the revolutions of For the first time, ministers tried to transform the monarchy into a bureaucratic state ruled from Vienna.

The Kingdom of Hungary, in particular, ceased to exist as a separate entity, in this system, the Kingdom of Hungary was given sovereignty and a parliament, with only a personal union and a joint foreign and military policy connecting it to the other Habsburg lands. When Bosnia and Herzegovina was annexed, it was not incorporated into either half of the monarchy, instead, it was governed by the joint Ministry of Finance.

Austria-Hungary collapsed under the weight of the various unsolved ethnic problems that came to a head with its defeat in World War I, to these were added in the Inn Quarter of Bavaria, and in the Bishoprics of Trent and Brixen. Christianity — Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who serves as the focal point for the religion.

It is the worlds largest religion, with over 2.

Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles Creed and his incarnation, earthly ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection are often referred to as the gospel, meaning good news. The term gospel also refers to accounts of Jesuss life and teaching, four of which—Matthew, Mark, Luke. Christianity is an Abrahamic religion that began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century, following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Australasia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization. Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization, throughout its history, Christianity has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches and denominations.

Worldwide, the three largest branches of Christianity are the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the denominations of Protestantism. There are many important differences of interpretation and opinion of the Bible, concise doctrinal statements or confessions of religious beliefs are known as creeds. They began as baptismal formulae and were expanded during the Christological controversies of the 4th and 5th centuries to become statements of faith. Many evangelical Protestants reject creeds as definitive statements of faith, even agreeing with some or all of the substance of the creeds.

The Baptists have been non-creedal in that they have not sought to establish binding authoritative confessions of faith on one another. Also rejecting creeds are groups with roots in the Restoration Movement, such as the Christian Church, the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada, the Apostles Creed is the most widely accepted statement of the articles of Christian faith. It is also used by Presbyterians, Methodists, and Congregationalists and this particular creed was developed between the 2nd and 9th centuries.

Vampire literature

Its central doctrines are those of the Trinity and God the Creator, each of the doctrines found in this creed can be traced to statements current in the apostolic period. The creed was used as a summary of Christian doctrine for baptismal candidates in the churches of Rome. Most Christians accept the use of creeds, and subscribe to at least one of the mentioned above.

The central tenet of Christianity is the belief in Jesus as the Son of God, Christians believe that Jesus, as the Messiah, was anointed by God as savior of humanity, and hold that Jesus coming was the fulfillment of messianic prophecies of the Old Testament. The Christian concept of the Messiah differs significantly from the contemporary Jewish concept, Jesus, having become fully human, suffered the pains and temptations of a mortal man, but did not sin. William Taylor, who published the first English translation of the ballad, in the 18th century there were more than eighteen hundred different German-speaking political entities in Central Europe.

These factors lead few scholars to recognize the existence of a distinct German culture or literature and they are the elegances woven into the spirit of the language, and this spirit is destroyed if they are taken out. The idioms of every language are the impressions of its country, its nationality, unless our literature if founded on our Volk, we shall write eternally for closet sages and disgusting critics out of whose mouths and stomachs we shall get back what we have given. Ever since he had gone to battle in the army of King Frederick, Lenore has been impatiently worrying about William every day and longing for his return, Lenores mother also suggests that William probably found another woman in Hungary, and that Lenore should forget him.

At midnight, a stranger who looks like William knocks on the door searching for Lenore. Lenore happily gets on the strangers black steed and the two ride at a pace, under the moonlight, along a path filled with eerie landscapes. Terrorised, Lenore demands to know why they are riding so fast, Lenore asks William to leave the dead alone. At sunrise, their ends and they arrive at the cemeterys doors. As the horse goes through the tombstones, the knight begins to lose its human appearance, and is revealed as Death, a skeleton with a scythe, the marriage bed is shown to be the grave where, together with his shattered armour, Williams skeleton lies.

The ground beneath Lenores feet begins to crumble and the spirits, dancing in the moonlight, surround dying Lenore, however, Lenore, punished with death, still has hope for forgiveness. Lenore had an effect on the development of Romantic literature throughout Europe. According to German language scholar John George Robertson, exerted a more widespread influence than any other short poem in the literature of the world.

Like wildfire, this remarkable ballad swept across Europe, from Scotland to Poland and Russia, the eerie tramp of the ghostly horse which carries Lenore to her doom re-echoed in every literature, and to many a young sensitive soul was the revelation of a new world of poetry. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

For information on vampires in movies and television, see Vampire films. For a list of fictional vampires, see List of fictional vampires. For a list of fictional dhampirs, see List of fictional dhampirs. Today they walk amongst us all. Rise of the Vampires tells the story of their beginning and exploits up to the 19th Century. A prequel to The Vampire Sagas. The Road and Dreamer. Erotic and violent, this dares to tread the forbidden path of darkness. Read more Read less. Enabled Similar books to Rise of the Vampires.

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Product details File Size: December 11, Sold by: Related Video Shorts 0 Upload your video. Customer reviews There are no customer reviews yet. Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a customer review. Amazon Giveaway allows you to run promotional giveaways in order to create buzz, reward your audience, and attract new followers and customers. Learn more about Amazon Giveaway.

Posted by Niels K. Thursday, 29 December Witch-hunting. Wednesday, 28 December The Brothers Grimm commemorated. Sunday, 25 December A Christmas Card. Monday, 19 December The Nightmare. Tuesday, 13 December Vampirism and magia posthuma. Saturday, 10 December Interviews. That not everyone with an interest in the subject of vampires is enthusiastic about the Twilight phenomenon, is a fact clearly stated by Mark Benecke in a recent interview about the 'vampire subculture', where he remarks that: Personally, I did work my way through the first film, but must admit that I had to press fast forward to get through the next two.

But then, I doubt that I belong to the target audience of those books and films Jean Marigny , vampire books.

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Sunday, 4 December An important exception. Saturday, 3 December Mastication in Italian.

Italy , masticating dead , Ranft , vampire books. Thursday, 1 December Vampertione infecta. I have always found it strange how various 'black metal' bands take up names and quotes from all sorts of literature on e. According to the Wikipedia entry on Black Metal , 'The most common and founding lyrical theme is opposition to Christianity and other organized religions.

As part of this, many artists write lyrics that could be seen to promote atheism, antitheism, paganism or Satanism. The hostility of many secular or pagan black metal artists is in some way linked to the Christianization of their countries. Other oft-explored themes are depression, nihilism, misanthropy, death and other dark topics. However, over time, many black metal artists have begun to focus more on topics like the seasons particularly winter , nature, mythology, folklore, philosophy and fantasy. One such search concerned the phrase 'vampertione infecta' , which has been used as a song title by Italian metal band Riul Doamnei.

At least, so Christian d'Elvert claimed when writing about vampires and posthumous magic in , see e. Februar ist Anna des seligen Andreas Berge, gewesene Ehewirtin verschieden, ihres Alters 48 Jahr, hat keine Ruhe in der Erden gehabt, Vampertione infecta, und ist letztlich verbrannt worden. She found no peace in the earth, Vampertione infecta , and was finally cremated. Sunday, 27 November A collector's item I have seen this announcement a couple of times recently: To date this has resulted in eight publications.

The primary objective we declared at the outset of the project is still valid today: Participants at the conference will include academics from all parts of Europe to give us an even closer view of current European research areas. Each of the topics mentioned in the title deserves investigation in its own right; however, at this conference our main aim is to capture the set of connections which exist around these three topics. Thus we need to explore the ties between different notions of the soul, communicational techniques and functions and the spiritual world which is supposed to decode such communication.

We would also welcome papers which investigate the role of notions of the soul and the spirit world in the everyday life, religion and mentality of various communities. On the other hand, we would like to explore the narrative traditions surrounding each of our themes: Besides this simple pattern, research sometimes came face to face with the more nuanced notions of the soul held by certain non-Christian and even non-European peoples, e.

It barely occurred to anthropologists studying similar subjects abroad to look around their own neighbourhood. Research conducted by linguists and historians of religion about notions of the soul, the free soul or the alter ego which breaks away from the body, have attained considerable results in Europe, but rarely if ever have scholars looked into the role of these notions in the everyday religiosity of a community, and in the communication with the supernatural. As regards the exploration of Christian visions, both religious studies and anthropology have made serious advances in the last few decades, particularly as regards investigations into the religious and social role of visions in the Middle Ages and the modern period pl.

At the same time, many other forms of communication have remained unexplored, nor do we see clearly regarding the boundaries and interconnections of various systems of communication e. Therefore we believe that the time has come to gain a somewhat more nuanced picture of the notions of the soul held by the peoples of Europe, in the above indicated context of connections. At the same time they have helped sustain popular and non-Christian traditions.

We are not necessarily implying here the existence of a unified and clearly outlined notion of the soul or several, clearly delineated souls with different functions — it is more to do with the frequently merging representations of different ideas and notions as they appear in mentality, way of thinking, folklore or literature. It is this rich and varied array of phenomena that needs to be mapped out for each nation and culture, including their terminology, cultural and social context, linguistic metaphors, visual representations and meaning, with regard to a people or a geographic unit or local society, preferably in the context of the above described connections, meaning the role they play in sacred communication.

A few possible points to anchor this vast and varied material may be the following. The free soul, external soul, mirror or shadow soul, double alter ego, double, harm, fylgja etc.

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