Contents:
List of countries and dependencies by population List of urban areas by population List of population concern organizations List of countries by fertility rate List of countries by future population United Nations, medium fertility variant List of countries by past and future population List of countries by population in List of countries by population density List of countries by population growth rate Lists of organisms by population — for non-human global populations List of religious populations Historical: Historical censuses Historical demography.
Of the territorial claims in Antarctica , the Ross Dependency has the largest population. It excludes Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Population , Selected Papers. Original paper in French: Archived from the original on August 27, Retrieved May 11, United Nations Population Division. Retrieved March 27, Archived from the original on January 11, Retrieved May 22, Retrieved 13 May Archived from the original on December 22, Linked to at Download Files , where it states that the figures are for July 1 of the given year. The Revision Population Database". Retrieved April 21, Retrieved March 18, Wallace, of Edinburgh, conjectured it might amount to millions, and this number has since generally been adopted who have noticed the subject;" The Monthly Magazine 4 July—December , p.
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Retrieved February 19, Overall, the population of Europe is estimated to have reached a peak of as many as million.
By the 14th century, the frontiers of settled cultivation had ceased to expand and internal colonization was coming to an end, but population levels remained high. Then a series of events — sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages — collectively killed millions.
During the 2nd millennium , each doubling took roughly half as long as the previous doubling, fitting the hyperbolic growth model mentioned above. From , when its population is projected to reach 1. After centuries of population growth, and decades of apocalyptic warnings about the population bomb, most of the developed world is now facing a 'population bust'. When the population of Europe surpassed the threshold that the existing economic structure permitted: Retrieved March 26, When that person dies, the Japanese nation will be no more.
Starting with the Great Famine in and the Black Death from , the population of Europe fell abruptly. The period between and saw the heaviest loss. Historians have struggled to explain why so many died. A classic Malthusian argument has been put forward that Europe was overpopulated: An alternative theory is that competition for resources exacerbated the imbalance between property-owners and workers. The economic conditions of the poor also aggravated the calamities of the plague because they had no recourse, such as fleeing to a villa in the country in the manner of the nobles in the Decameron.
By , the total population of Europe was substantially below that of years earlier, but all classes overall had a higher standard of living. Still yet another theory, as introduced by Robert Brenner in a paper, is that the economic system of the High Middle Ages limited population growth. Feudal lords and landlords controlled most of Europe's land; they could charge high enough rents or demand a large enough percentage of peasants' profit that peasants on these lands were forced to survive at subsistence levels.
With any surplus of food, labor, and income absorbed by the landowners, the peasants did not have enough capital to invest in their farms or enough incentive to increase the productivity of their land. In addition, the small size of most peasants' farms inhibited centralized and more efficient cultivation of land on larger fields. In regions of Europe where primogeniture was less widely practiced, peasant lands were subdivided and re-subdivided with each generation of heirs; Brenner writes that consequently: As a result, on account of the social and economic system, the size of Europe's population was limited; the existing agricultural system and technology could not support a population beyond a certain size.
When the population of Europe surpassed the threshold that the existing economic structure permitted: Only through modifying the existing social structure of land ownership and distribution could Europe's population surpass early 14th century levels. The above paragraphs are a synopsis of Brenner's argument, consult the article for the full text of his original argument: Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe or read the book that ensued after the publication of this article: Regardless of the cause, populations continued to fall into the 15th century and remained low into the 16th.
However, the fact that population continued to fall after the one-time catastrophes of the Black Death ca. Medieval demography is a fairly new area of study. Examples of field data include the physical size of a settlement, and how it grows over time, and the appearance, or disappearance, of settlements.
Overall total population both sexes and all ages in the region as of July 1 of the year indicated, as estimated by the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. For forecasted years, the U. For all other years: The average annual number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants over the preceding five year period running from July 1 to June 30 of the initial and final years , or subsequent five year period for data.
A negative number means that there are more emigrants than immigrants. This parameter provides an indication of age distribution.