Eduard Schönfeld
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Mentioned the open clusters later listed as M39 and M As head of the royal academy of Macedon tutored future kings Alexander the Great, Ptolemy and Cassander. Primarily lived in Macedonia and Athens. Born in Stageira of Chalkidiki modern Macedonian Greece , lived and worked in various Greek states, most notably Athens and Macedon; died about age 62 on the island of Euboea in or near Chalcis , Greece. Eudoxus of Cnidus c. Greek asronomer and mathematician. All of his works are lost, save for fragments such as the one converted into poetry as the Phenomena by Aratos of Soli.
Since no portraits of Eudoxus exist, the image shows the location of Knidos.
Aratos of Soli often Aratus - B. Greek philosopher and poet. Born in Soli in Cilicia, in Greece , and lived there most of his life. Died about age 70 in Macedonia. Since the work that mentioned Praesepe was a conversion into poetry of a now-lost work written about a century earlier by Eudoxus of Cnidus , he has an entry just above this one. Hipparchus - B. Claudius Ptolemaeus, or Ptolemy 87 - C. No known images exist from his lifetime; the one shown is the product of a Baroque artist's imagination. Born in Raj, Persia now Rey, Iran. One of the most famous Muslim astronomers.
Translated and considerably updated and improved Ptolemy 's Almagest , including tables and diagrams of the positions of stars and constellations, the first account of what are now known as the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Andromeda Galaxy and several other objects that appear to correspond to bright nebulae or clusters. Also noted the inclination of the Ecliptic to the Celestial Equator and more accurately calculated the length of the seasonal "tropical" year.
Died at age 82 in Shiraz, Persia. No certain images exist from his lifetime; the one shown is presumably a good representation of his observing technique, but not necessarily an actual picture of al-Sufi. Amerigo Vespucci Mar 18, - Feb 22, , Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer. He was the first to describe the so-called Magellanic Clouds, about twenty years prior to their "discovery" by Magellan.
Born in Florence, Italy. Died at age 57 in Seville, Spain. Ferdinand Magellan about - Apr 27, , Portuguese explorer.
Popularly thought to be the discoverer of the eponymous Magellanic clouds, though they were actually discovered by Amerigo Vespucci. Magellan was born to a noble Portuguese family in Sabroso, Portugal. Simon Marius Jan 10, - Jan 5, , German astronomer. Hodierna was the first to observe a number of now famous nebulae, but the publication of his work was little noticed outside Sicily, and despite a brief mention of his work by Lalande in an publication, remained essentially unknown until its rediscovery in the 's.
As a result Messier, the Herschels, and Dreyer were unaware of Hodierna's discoveries, and he is not mentioned in their publications. Johann Abraham Ihle Jun 14, - ? Ihle was a friend of Hevelius and Gottfried Kirch , with whom he maintained a frequent correspondence about their observations. Gottfried Kirch Dec 18, - Jul 25, , German astronomer. John Flamsteed Aug 19, - Dec 31, , British astronomer. Edmond Halley Oct 29, - Jan 14, , British astronomer. William Derham Nov 26, - Apr 5, , British astronomer and philosopher.
Francesco Bianchini Dec 13, - Mar 2, , Italian astronomer. John Bevis Oct 31, ? Died at age 75 or 76 or 78? Bevis attempted to publish a British astronomical catalog and atlas, but the bankruptcy of the publisher meant that only fragments of the atlas were ever published. He was one of only two people in England who observed the return of Halley's comet in , and is the only person to have ever observed the occultation of one planet by another namely, an occultataion of Mercury by Venus in Giovanni Domenico Maraldi was born in Perinaldo, Italy, but spent his entire career in France - before retiring to the town of his birth.
Maraldi was the nephew of French-Italian astronomer Jacques Philippe Maraldi also born in Perinaldo , who was the nephew of Italian astronomer Giovanni Cassini also born in Perinaldo, which is proud of its illustrious sons.
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Le Gentil made a private note of them in , but it wasn't until that Guillaume Bigourdan made them public. Even then Dreyer appears to have been unaware of their existence, as he routinely assigned their discovery to much later observers. Long thought to be the discoverer of the Ring Nebula M57 , but now known to have seen the object at least 10 days later than Charles Messier. Still, his reference to the nebula's appearance as like a fading planet is what led to such nebulae being called planetary nebulae.
Famous for his unfortunate experiences trying to observe the transits of Venus in and The numerical listing of Lalande objects is based on an publication available here ; Lalande's original publication can be downloaded here. Friedrich von Hahn Jul 27, - Oct 9, , German astronomer. Like Messier, he was an avid comet hunter, and found nearly a dozen comets on his own, or as a co-discoverer, with others.
Barnaba Oriani - , Italian astronomer. Edward Pigott - , Italian astronomer. Francis Baily Apr 28, - Aug 30, , British astronomer. Born in Newbury, Berkshire, England.
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Died at age 70 in London, England. James Dunlop Oct 31, - Sep 22, , Scottish astronomer. Dunlop was not trained as an astronomer, but took an early interest in the field, and by a lucky chance was hired as an assistant by Sir Thomas Brisbane. When Brisbane was appointed governor of New South Wales, Dunlop accompanied his employer to Australia, and upon completion of Brisbane's Paramatta now Parramatta observatory, became second assistant; and when the first assistant abandoned the position, succeeded him.
Dunlop was an assiduous observer of stars and double stars, and mostly on his own initiative nebulae; and being the first astronomer to regularly observe the southern hemisphere sky, he discovered many objects. Unfortunately, his lack of training made his calculations of the objects' positions relatively inaccurate, and many of his discoveries are either "lost", or when more or less confidently identifiable, are more often credited to John Herschel, who tried to observe all of Dunlop's objects during his southern hemisphere expeditions. As a result, for a long time Dunlop's work was in considerable disrepute; but in recent years efforts to identify the objects he observed have shown that he deserves more credit than he received during his lifetime.
A recent discussion of Cooper's life and the only extant photograph of him can be viewed here. Any use of the original image and any commerical use of any portion of the image may require the permission of the copyright holder. Francis Preserved Abbott Aug 12, - Feb 18, Francis Abbott was born in Derby, England. He was a successful watchmaker and clockmaker in Derby and later in Manchaster.
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In he was found guilty of fraudulent receipt of two watches, and in was transported to the penal colony in Hobart, Tasmania. After serving four years of a seven year sentence he was freed and started a business as watchmaker in Hobart soon after his wife and children were given free passage to join him.
Practically from his arrival in Tasmania he began recording meteorological data, and was given access to equipment at Rossbank Observatory until its closure in Afterward he continued his astronomical and meteorological observations in his private observatory in Hobart. In his efforts led to his election as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, to which he submitted many papers on numerous astronomical topics. His most famous accomplishment was the discovery on Jan 17, of what came to be called the Great Southern Comet, which was a naked-eye comet until the end of February At first, the paper caused great excitement in Europe; but his suggestion that those changes might represent the formation of a new planetary system led to a rejection of his work, and he ceased publishing in European journals in Between and he published several introductory books about astronomy, and throughout his later years was considered one of Australia's leading astronomers.
As head of the royal academy of Macedon tutored future kings Alexander the Great, Ptolemy and Cassander. In he became assistant astronomer at the U. Friedrich Bidschof Dec 6, - Dec 7, , Austrian astronomer. NGC , , , , and Mannheim Observatory For a short time he was a Privatdozent at Bonn, but in he was appointed director of the Mannheim Observatory.
He died in Hobart at age William Lassell Jun 18, - Oct 5, , British astronomer. William Parsons - , 3rd Earl of Rosse, British astronomer. However, aside from having discovered the best part of a hundred nebulae himself, he left a legacy unsurpassed for the best part of a century -- a 6-foot aperture reflecting telescope the "Leviathan" of Birr Castle , the construction of which would have been an impossible task for the best professional telescope makers of the day. Through tremendous effort, intelligence and inspiration, Parsons succeeded in creating a mirror and telescope many times larger than any in existence, so well constructed that it was as easy to use as it was large, making his and his assistants' observations uniquely successful.
Even more importantly, instead of guarding the secret of how he managed the feat, he published a detailed discussion of the methods involved in the Leviathan's construction, providing an invaluable aid to astronomers everywhere. As stated in his obituary linked above , "It may justly be urged that the maker of an instrument is above its user. Eyes are common to us all, all could make discoveries if they had the means. It was the means that the Earl of Rosse supplied.
Thomas William Webb - , British astronomer. Primarily known nowadays as the author of a popular introduction to astronomy, " Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes ", printed in and reprinted and revised many times into the 's. Joseph Baxendell Apr 19, - Oct 7, , British astronomer. Baxendell discovered NGC , a large faint nebula near globular cluster M2 ; but though several other visual astronomers also observed the nebula, it earned the nickname "Baxendell's Unphotographable Nebula" because it has never been photographed. Modern opinion is that the object was not real, but a visual reaction to reflected light from M2.
Baxendell was born at Smedley, near Manchester, England. He died at age 72 in Birkdale, in Mersey, England. Kaspar Gottfried Schweizer - , Russian astronomer.
Author:Eduard Schönfeld
Henry Cooper Key - Dec 25, , British astronomer. Lewis Swift - , American astronomer. Discovered numerous comets early in his career he is the Tempel in the name of several famous comets, such as Temple-Tuttle , and several minor planets; but after being placed in charge of the unfinished and dilapidated Arcetri observatory, turned his attention to and made numerous accurate observations and exceptional drawings of nebulae, despite its Amici telescope, though optically of excellent quality, having no clock drive, setting circles or micrometer to aid in pointing it at celestial objects or measuring their positions.
A second obituary can be found here. Reverend William Hautenville Rambaut - , Irish astronomer. An assistant to Lawrence Parsons , he did not actually discover any nebulae, but did produce chalk drawings of some of the objects discovered at Birr Observatory none of which were published during his lifetime. He also worked at Armagh observatory for many years. Jean Chacornac Jun 21, - Sep 23, , French astronomer. An Internet search for images of Chacornac leads to non-English-language Wikipedia pages for him; but the image shown on those pages is not of Chacornac, but Camille Flammarion.
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Per Magnus Herman Schultz - , Swedish astronomer. The Internet Archive has a digital copy of Schultz's entire catalog of nebulae here. A previously posted image proved to be of William Bond, George Bond's father. The image now shown here is supposedly of George Bond, and given its appearance is almost certainly contemporaneous with the younger Bond; but online images are often mislabeled e. Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt - , German astronomer. George Johnstone Stoney - , Irish astronomer and mathematical physicist. Worked at Birr Castle under William Parsons from - , and per Dreyer, the actual discoverer of many objects announced by his employer.
Brother of Bindon Stoney. Father of Anna Winlock , the first female computer hired by Harvard, after her father's untimely death left his family destitute.
Eduard Schönfeld (December 22, – May 1, ) was a German astronomer. Contents. 1 Education; 2 Mannheim Observatory; 3 Bonn Observatory. Eduard Schönfeld (Hildburghausen, 22 december - Bonn, 1 mei ) was een Duits astronoom. Hij wordt vaak geassocieerd met het werk aan zijn.
Etienne Leopold Trouvelot - , French-American astronomer. An assiduous observer of all aspects of the heavens, well-regarded in his day, but now remembered by only a few the likely fate of even the best of us. Albert Marth - , German astronomer but worked in England and Ireland. Discovered NGC objects. Auguste Voigt Jan 18, - Mar 12, , French astronomer. Isaac Roberts - , British astronomer. Asaph Hall Oct 15, - Nov 22, , American astronomer. Bindon Blood Stoney - , Irish engineer.
Worked at Birr Castle, assisting William Parsons with the mechanical construction of his telescopes, from - , and per Dreyer, the actual discoverer of some objects announced by his employer. Brother of George Stoney. A major in the Union Army, he was one of four thousand men killed at Chickamauga, for which service he was awarded the brevet honorary, and usually posthumous rank of lieutenant-colonel. All of Coolidge's NGC objects proved to be stars, without any nebulosity. This was presumably due to the difficulty of distinguishing faint stars from equally faint, nearly stellar nebulosities, and the efforts of observers of the day and today, for that matter to exceed the limits of their instruments.
A discussion of Coolidge's friendship with William and George Bond , his observations of Saturn, and his loss at Chickamauga can be found here. A German obituary can be found here. Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke - , German astronomer. Mitchell active 's , Irish astronomer. An assistant to William Parsons , 3rd Earl of Rosse, from - De apparatuur aldaar was enigszins verouderd - zijn grootste telescoop was een kleine refractor van 73 lijnen, maar hij zorgde ervoor dat hij zijn werk kon uitvoeren met de instrumenten die hij tot zijn beschikking had en observeerde nevels en veranderlijke sterren en bekeek kometen en nieuwe planeten.
De resultaten van zijn observaties van nevels werden gepubliceerd in twee catalogi, evenals zijn observaties van veranderlijke sterren. Snel na zijn benoeming begon hij aan zijn laatste en grootste stuk werk, de uitbreiding, naar het plan van Argelander. Het hield een onderzoek naar de hemel tot 23 graden ten zuiden van de declinatie in.
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Deze vernieuwde methoden verhoogden de nauwkeurigheid van het onderzoek. De observaties vormden de basis van de catalogus van Deze catalogus werd in gepubliceerd.
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