Die Gestapo: Herrschaft und Terror im Dritten Reich (Becksche Reihe) (German Edition)

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Historian Raul Hilberg estimates that between and the Einsatzgruppen and related auxiliary troops killed more than two million people, including 1.

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After the close of the World War II, 24 senior leaders of the Einsatzgruppen were prosecuted in the Einsatzgruppen Trial in —48, charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes. Fourteen death sentences and two life sentences were among the judgments. Four additional Einsatzgruppe leaders were later tried and executed by other nations. Seven Einsatzgruppen of battalion strength operated in Poland. Each was subdivided into four Einsatzkommandos of company strength.

Einsatzgruppe A Baltic states [7].

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Franz Walter Stahlecker until 23 March Sonderkommandos 1a and 1b German for special forces; not to be confused with the Sonderkommandos in the concentration camps Einsatzkommandos 2 and 3. Attached to Army Group North. Einsatzgruppe B Belarus [7]. Sonderkommandos 7a and 7b Einsatzkommandos 8 and 9 A special force under Dr. Franz Six in case Moscow was captured. This page was last edited on 24 July , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Einsatzgruppe A Baltic states [7]. Franz Walter Stahlecker until 23 March Sonderkommandos 1a and 1b German for special forces; not to be confused with the Sonderkommandos in the concentration camps Einsatzkommandos 2 and 3. Attached to Army Group North. Einsatzgruppe B Belarus [7]. Sonderkommandos 7a and 7b Einsatzkommandos 8 and 9 A special force under Dr.

Franz Six in case Moscow was captured. Attached to Army Group Center. Einsatzgruppe C Northern and central Ukraine [7]. Otto Rasch until October Sonderkommandos 4a and 4b Sonderkommando 4 a was commanded by Paul Blobel Einsatzkommandos 5 and 6. Attached to Army Group South.

Otto Ohlendorf until June The Einsatzgruppen kept official records of many of their massacres and provided detailed reports to their superiors. There are no more Jews in Lithuania, apart from working Jews and their families. Only 1, of the victims were non-Jewish.

He lived in Heidelberg under his own name until his report was discovered in March The killings took place with the knowledge and support of the German Army in the east. Now known as the Severity Order , it read in part:. The most important objective of this campaign against the Jewish-Bolshevik system is the complete destruction of its sources of power and the extermination of the Asiatic influence in European civilization In this eastern theatre, the soldier is not only a man fighting in accordance with the rules of the art of war, but also the ruthless standard bearer of a national conception For this reason the soldier must learn fully to appreciate the necessity for the severe but just retribution that must be meted out to the subhuman species of Jewry.

He sent out a circular to the generals under his command urging them to release their own versions and to impress upon their troops the need to exterminate the Jews. Beyond this trivial complaint, the Army and the Einsatzgruppen worked closely and effectively. On 6 July Einsatzkommando 4b of Einsatzgruppe C reported that "Armed forces surprisingly welcome hostility against the Jews". Officers in the field were well aware of the killing operations being conducted by the Einsatzgruppen. He states that those German generals who claimed that the Einsatzgruppen were a necessary anti-partisan response were lying, and maintained that the slaughter of about 2.

The men were charged with crimes against humanity , war crimes , and membership in the SS which had been declared a criminal organization. Fourteen death sentences and two life sentences were among the judgments; only four executions were carried out, on 7 June ; the rest were reduced to lesser sentences. Several Einsatzgruppen leaders, including Ohlendorf, claimed at the trial to have received an order before Operation Barbarossa requiring them to murder all Soviet Jews. However, if it could be established that the Einsatzgruppen had committed mass murder without orders, then they could have been convicted as perpetrators of mass murder, and hence could have received stiffer sentences, including capital punishment.

Streim postulated that the existence of an early comprehensive order was a fabrication created for use in Ohlendorf's defence. This theory is now widely accepted by historians. Leaders were given briefings about the need to be "severe" and "firm"; all Jews were to be viewed as potential enemies that had to be dealt with ruthlessly. Most of the perpetrators of Nazi war crimes were never charged, and returned unremarked to civilian life.

Funding for trials was inadequate, and the governments of Austria and Germany became less interested in obtaining convictions for wartime events, preferring to forget the Nazi past. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Nazi paramilitary death squads, part of the SS. The Einsatzgruppen operated under the administration of the Schutzstaffel SS. Intelligenzaktion and Operation Tannenberg.

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Map of the Einsatzgruppen operations behind the German-Soviet frontier with the location of the first shooting of Jewish men, women and children, 30 July War crimes of the Wehrmacht. Einsatzgruppe ; Official full name: Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD. The Origins of the Final Solution: Comprehensive History of the Holocaust.

University of Nebraska Press. Caron, Jean-Christophe 22 December Spiegel Online in German: Retrieved 9 September Das Amt und die Vergangenheit: Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad. Crowe, David []. Dams, Carsten; Stolle, Michael []. Herrschaft und Terror im Dritten Reich. Becksche Reihe in German. Archived from the original on 7 October Retrieved 10 June October — April The Third Reich at War. The Life of Heydrich. Reflections on Collaboration and the Final Solution". East European Jewish Affairs. The Destruction of the European Jews. Part 3, The "Final Solution": The Implementation of Mass Murder, Volume 1.

Intellectuals in the SS War Machine.

Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution. Krumenacker, Thomas 7 April Archived from the original on 22 December The Logic of Mass Murder. Larsen, Stein Ugelvik Meldungen aus Norwegen — Retrieved 10 January The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. The Third Reich, the Arabs and Palestine. University of Michigan Press. The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine.

List of Einsatzgruppen

The Holocaust in History. Mayer, Arno J Rabitz, Cornelia 21 June A Warning From History. Foreword by Sir Ian Kershaw. Archived from the original on 11 October Archived from the original on 22 February Retrieved 2 January Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity. University Press of Kansas. The Life and Legends. An Extermination Camp in Serbia".

In Marrus, Michael Robert. The Victims of the Holocaust: Historical Articles on the Destruction of European Jews.

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