Medicine in Literature: A Collection of Short Essays and Papers
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This is not only to keep abreast of progress in the speciality concerned but also to be aware of current trends in providing optimum healthcare to the patients. What causes the father-daughter relationship to be so crucial in forming a woman's ability to have good relationships with other men? What are the causes of poor water quality for many people around the world? The data was coded independently, without any knowledge of the student cohort, their awarded marks and neither has the researcher attended any symposia, although she had access to the materials. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. However, not all will have an explicit GH element. There should be ongoing reviews about assessing learning needs as GH becomes more explicit in various other aspects of curricula and reviewed for pragmatic reasons such as the student load, crowded curricula, the faculty demands as well as providing an appropriate curriculum to prepare junior doctors.
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How to Use These Topic Ideas
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The reader should meticulously go through this segment of the manuscript and find out whether the results were reliable same results over time and valid measure what it is supposed to measure. An important aspect is to check if all the subjects present in the beginning of the study were accounted for at the end of the study.
If the answer is no, the reader should check whether any explanation was provided. Results that were statistically significant and results that were not, must be identified.
One should also observe whether a correct statistical test was employed for analysis and was the level of significance appropriate for the study. To appreciate the choice of a statistical test, one requires an understanding of the hypothesis being tested.
Description and interpretation of these tests is beyond the scope of this paper. It is wise to remember the following advice: It is not only important to know whether a difference or association is statistically significant but also appreciate whether it is large or substantial enough to be useful clinically.
This is the most important section of the article where the research questions are answered and the meaning of analysis and interpretation of the data are presented. Usually the study results are compared with other studies, explaining in what aspects they were different or similar. Ideally, no new data should be presented under discussion and no information from other sections should be repeated. The meaning of results and their analyses, new theories or hypotheses, limitations of the study, explanation of differences and similarities with other comparable studies, and suggestions for future research are offered in this section.
Though conclusion part had been read at the beginning, it is prudent to read it again at the end to confirm whether what we had inferred initially is correct. If the conclusion had not made sense earlier, it may make sense after having perused through the entire article.
The “literature” of a literature review refers to any collection of materials on a topic , not on British colonial methods in Africa to scholarly articles on the treatment of a torn ACL. But how is a literature review different from an academic research paper? . Some short quotes here and there are okay, though, if you want to. 1 day ago Effective group work essay Thanks D! RT @emmreport Sinister X Syndicate you ma am essay in english pablo picasso short essay narrative essays for turkey essay writing a good literature review for a dissertation law essay of us totally considered your personal alternatives Medical specialist Get in.
Sometimes, the study conclusions are included in the discussion section and may not be easy to locate. The questions that can be asked under various sub-headings of an original research paper are presented as a simple questionnaire in Table 4. It is assumed that one who is using this questionnaire has read and analyzed the abstract and then decided to read the entire article. This questionnaire does not critically analyze a scientific article.
However, answers to these questions provide a systematic approach to obtain a broad overview of the manuscript, especially to a novice. If one who is new to reading articles, writing answers to these questions and taking notes will help in understanding most aspects of a research article. The use of reading is to aid us in thinking. Since there is an abundance of journals and articles, it is critical to develop a modus operandi for achieving a rapid, purposeful, effective and useful method to read these manuscripts.
A simple but efficient and logical approach to scientific literature has been presented here for choosing articles and reading them systematically and effectively for a better understanding. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol.
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3. Articles, journal, reading, research, systematic.
Table 1 Common reasons for reading journal articles. Open in a separate window.
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Table 2 Types of articles published in a journal. Schematic flowchart of the first step in choosing an article to read. Details of how the study was conducted, procedures followed, instruments used and variables measured. Decision-making flowchart to decide whether to read the chosen article or not.
Table 3 Basic statistics commonly used in scientific publications. Table 4 Questionnaire for original research articles. Footnotes Source of Support: How to read clinical journals: Why to read them and how to start reading them critically. Can Med Assoc J. Growth and decentralization of the medical literature: Implications for evidence-based medicine. J Med Libr Assoc. How to read a review paper.