MAST
See words that rhyme with mast. Get updates Get updates. Unknowing of where else to go, he goes to her bungalow, and when uninvited, he finds a job at a nearby cafe. Through her awkward goodbye, Kittu then realizes that she believes that Kittu is going to marry Nisha. Malika and Kittu embrace to express their love.
On square-rigged vessels, each mast carries several horizontal yards from which the individual sails are rigged. Folding mast ships use a tabernacle anchor point—"the partly open socket or double post on the deck, into which a mast is fixed, with a pivot near the top so that the mast can be lowered", [9] "large bracket attached firmly to the deck, to which the foot of the mast is fixed; it has two sides or cheeks and a bolt forming the pivot around which the mast is raised and lowered", "substantial fitting for mounting the mast on deck, so that it can be lowered easily for trailering or for sailing under bridges", [10] "hinged device allowing for the easy folding of a mast 90 degrees from perpendicular, as for transporting the boat on a trailer, or passing under a bridge" [11].
In the West, the concept of a ship carrying more than one mast, to give it more speed under sail and to improve its sailing qualities, evolved in northern Mediterranean waters: The earliest foremast has been identified on an Etruscan pyxis from Caere , Italy , dating to the mid-7th century BC: Artemon , along with mainsail and topsail , developed into the standard rig of seagoing vessels in imperial times , complemented by a mizzen on the largest freighters.
Throughout antiquity , both foresail and mizzen remained secondary in terms of canvas size, although large enough to require full running rigging.
By the onset of the Early Middle Ages , rigging had undergone a fundamental transformation in Mediterranean navigation: Large vessels were coming more and more into use and the need for additional masts to control these ships adequately grew with the increase in tonnage. Unlike in antiquity, the mizzen-mast was adopted on medieval two-masters earlier than the foremast, a process which can be traced back by pictorial evidence from Venice and Barcelona to the midth century. To balance out the sail plan the next obvious step was to add a mast fore of the main-mast, which first appears in a Catalan ink drawing from With the three-masted ship established, propelled by square rig and lateen, and guided by the pintle -and- gudgeon rudder , all advanced ship design technology necessary for the great transoceanic voyages was in place by the beginning of the 15th century.
The first hollow mast was fitted on the American sloop Maria in , 92 feet long and built of staves bound with iron hoops like a barrel. Other hollow masts were made from two tapered timbers hollowed and glued together. Although sailing ships were superseded by engine-powered ships in the 19th century, recreational sailing ships and yachts continue to be designed and constructed.
MAST Upgrade
In the s aluminium masts were introduced on large J-class yachts. An aluminium mast has considerable advantages over a wooden one: During the s wood was eclipsed by aluminium.
Mast or MAST may refer to: Contents. 1 Engineering; 2 Biology; 3 Science; 4 Society and culture; 5 Places; 6 Organizations; 7 Schools; 8 People; 9 Other. Mast is a Indian Hindi musical romantic film directed by Ram Gopal Varma. This was the debut film for Aftab Shivdasani as a lead actor with Urmila.
Aluminium alloys, generally series, are commonly utilised. Recently some sailing yachts particularly home-built yachts have begun to use steel masts.
Whilst somewhat heavier than aluminium, steel has its own set of advantages. It is significantly cheaper, and a steel mast of an equivalent strength can be smaller in diameter than an aluminium mast, allowing less turbulence and a better airflow onto the sail. From the mids racing yachts introduced the use of carbon fibre and other composite materials to construct masts with even better strength-to-weight ratios. Carbon fibre masts could also be constructed with more precisely engineered aerodynamic profiles. Modern masts form the leading edge of a sail's airfoil and tend to have a teardrop-shaped cross-section.
On smaller racing yachts and catamarans, the mast rotates to the optimum angle for the sail's airfoil. If the mast has a long, thin cross-section and makes up a significant area of the airfoil, it is called a wing-mast; boats using these have a smaller sail area to compensate for the larger mast area. There are many manufacturers of modern masts for sailing yachts of all sizes, a few notable companies are Hall Spars, Offshore Spars , and Southern Spars.
After the end of the age of sail , warships retained masts, initially as observation posts and to observe fall of shot , also holding fire control equipment such as rangefinders , and later as a mounting point for radar and telecommunication antennas, which need to be mounted high up to increase range.
Simple pole, lattice , and tripod masts have been used—also, on some past Japanese warships, complex pagoda masts. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Dictionary of nautical words and terms. Abstract Syntax Trees ASTs are a way of describing a program by splitting it into its individual parts, which can make it easier to analyze and optimize. To generate an AST, you connect each function to its dependencies until all of the dependencies have been mapped out.
On the other hand, merkle trees allow you to verify that an individual element is a member of a set without the whole set being present. For example, Bitcoin SPV wallets use merkle trees to save bandwidth by verifying that individual received transactions are a member of a block without downloading the full block.
Mast (sailing)
To generate a merkle tree, each member is individually hashed, producing a short unique identifier for that member. Each of those identifiers is then paired with another identifier and hashed again, producing another short unique identifier for that pair. This step is repeated until only one identifier remains, called the merkle root , which uniquely identifies the whole set in just a few bytes of data. To verify that a particular member is part of the set, someone with the whole set provides you with just the identifiers you need in order to connect that particular member to the merkle root of the whole set.
This proof that the member belongs to the set is called a merkle proof. In short, the technique behind ASTs allows us to split a program into its individual parts, and merkle trees allow us to verify the individual parts belong to a complete program without the entire program being present.
Love and War_
Alice then uses a substitute encumbrance that says that a spender must provide a merkle proof connecting the merkle root to one of the sub-scripts and that the sub-script must return True. The merkle proof with sub-script could be visualized like either of the examples below depending on which sub-script we wanted to use:.
In the example section above, we used an encumbrance that had two sub-scripts: This gives us the ability to create the following simple plot that shows the number of sub-scripts and how much encumbrance data needs to be added to the block chain with and without MAST in order to make that possible. If saving bytes is the primary goal, this can be optimized further. For many encumbrances, spenders are much more likely to use one condition than the others. For example, Alice is hoping to live for a long time, so she constructs her merkle tree so that her spending condition is always near the top and all other conditions are on the bottom.
We can see that Alice is now always using the same number of bytes in the best case no matter how many potential beneficiaries she adds to her encumbrance, and that the other potential spenders only use a few more bytes than the previous normal case. Whichever arrangement Alice chooses, we see that MAST can make encumbrances with multiple sub-scripts much smaller, reducing transaction size so that users can pay less in fees and blocks can hold a greater number of advanced transactions.
The ability to keep private any unused encumbrance conditions can be quite important to some users, such as businesses who want to keep their smart contract arrangements as confidential as possible from potential competitors.
This stands in contrast to some altcoins that claim to be designed specifically for smart contracts but which provide no privacy for any part of those contracts. Imagine that Alice is the only person who ever uses the non-MAST encumbrance template from the first section of this article. But even if none of those things ever becomes possible on Bitcoin, MAST by itself provides users with more privacy and more fungibility for sophisticated encumbrances than they can get today on any altcoin that supports smart contracts through user-specified encumbrances.
Bitcoin has three different byte size hard limits that apply to individual scripts depending on how the encumbrance is constructed: