Defenders of the Union: A Survey of British and Irish Unionism Since 1801

The Peril of Home Rule

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The acts came into force on 1 January , and the merged Parliament of the United Kingdom had its first meeting on 22 January Both acts remain in force, with amendments, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , [2] and have been repealed in the Republic of Ireland.

The short title of the act of the Irish Parliament is Act of Union Ireland , assigned by a act of the Parliament of Northern Ireland , and hence not effective in the Republic of Ireland, where it was referred to by its long title when repealed in Since the 12th century, the King of England had been technical overlord of the Lordship of Ireland , a papal possession. Both the Kingdoms of Ireland and England later came into personal union with that of Scotland upon the Union of the Crowns in In , the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were united into a single kingdom: Upon that union, each House of the Parliament of Ireland passed a congratulatory address to Queen Anne , praying that, "May God put it in your royal heart to add greater strength and lustre to your crown, by a still more comprehensive Union".

By this time access to institutional power in Ireland was restricted to a small minority, the Anglo-Irish of the Protestant Ascendancy , and frustration at the lack of reform among the Catholic majority eventually led, along with other reasons, to a rebellion in , involving a French invasion of Ireland and the seeking of complete independence from Great Britain. This rebellion was crushed with much bloodshed, and the subsequent drive for union between Great Britain and Ireland that passed in was motivated at least in part by the belief that the rebellion was caused as much by reactionary loyalist brutality as by the United Irishmen.

Furthermore, Catholic emancipation was being discussed in Great Britain, and fears that a newly enfranchised Catholic majority would drastically change the character of the Irish government and parliament also contributed to a desire from London to merge the parliaments. Complementary acts had to be passed in the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland. The Parliament of Ireland had recently gained a large measure of legislative independence under the Constitution of Many members of the Irish Parliament jealously guarded this autonomy notably Henry Grattan and a motion for union was legally rejected in Only Anglicans were permitted to become members of the Parliament of Ireland, though the great majority of the Irish population were Roman Catholic , with many Presbyterians in Ulster.

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The Catholic hierarchy was strongly in favour of union, hoping for rapid emancipation and the right to sit as MPs — which was however delayed after the passage of the acts until From the perspective of Great Britain, the union was desirable because of the uncertainty that followed the Irish Rebellion of and the French Revolution of ; if Ireland adopted Catholic Emancipation, willingly or not, a Roman Catholic parliament could break away from Britain and ally with the French, while the same measure within a united kingdom would exclude that possibility.

These considerations led Great Britain to decide to attempt merger of the two kingdoms and their parliaments.

Author: Peter Kerr-Smiley

The final passage of the Act in the Irish Parliament was achieved with substantial majorities, in part according to contemporary documents through bribery, namely the awarding of peerages and honours to critics to get their votes. They were passed on 2 July and 1 August respectively, and came into force on 1 January They ratified eight articles which had been previously agreed by the British and Irish Parliaments:.

Just fighting to survive: loyalist paramilitary politics and the Progressive Unionist Party

The traditionally separate Irish Army , which had been funded by the Irish Parliament, was merged into the larger British Army. By royal proclamation authorised by the Act, all the members of the last House of Commons from Great Britain took seats in the new House, and from Ireland members were chosen from the last Irish House of Commons; both members from each of the 32 counties and from the two largest boroughs, and one each chosen by lot from the next 31 boroughs and from Dublin University. The flag, created as a consequence of the union of the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in , still remains the flag of the United Kingdom.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Act of Union Ireland Parliament of Ireland. This section may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints.

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